소설에서의 수동표현 기능-신정보 제시와 시점을 중심으로-

Abstract

Haruhiko Yamaguchi(2005), a linguist, has insisted that there exist two kindsof communication mechanisms in fictions: Microscopic communication which is acommunication exchanged among the characters, and Macroscopic communicationwhich is a communication between an author and readers. And he also suggests anauthor's communication toward the readers has precedence over communicationbetween the characters. His opinions fortify my conclusion that the author usespassive expressions to bring readers into their fiction. In this paper, I'm going toexamine how authors use passive expression in perspective and narrative ways tocommunicate and to control the readers. The passive examples was selected fromfour pieces of Japanese novels focusing on the context of passive sentences. As aresult, I could find the following pattern in development of stories from all fourof the novels. <Pattern> ①The story shows a new scene(situation)/②Objective description ofa visual information/③Description using passive expressions/④Movement of themain character/④‘Feeling and thoughts of the main character/⑤Characters from thescene(situation) exchange conversations or build relationship with a new characteras the story take its course. I classify passive expressions in this pattern according to standards of a functionand a role, it is divided into three types: ⅰ)Function to let readers feel a senseof reality by bringing readers who were outside of the stage into the stage throughviewpoint control, ⅱ)Function to draw the eyes of readers who are outside of thestage, and to centralize in important material or the person, ⅲ)Function to heightenthe dramatic effect on an appearance of the main material by adjusting a sense ofdistance while moving the eyes of readers who are outside of the stage continually.These three types have in common control view of readers. But these are all differentfrom position of a reader staring at the subject of the passive voice(inside or outsideof the stage). On the basis of the results of this study, it can be concluded thatby using the viewpoint control function of these passive expressions, the authorshows consciously or nonconsciously the direction that they want readers to see.