「新体詩」の明治軍歌への転用と影響 －初·中期の作品を中心に－

Abstract

Centering on 3 people such as Toyama Shoichi, New style poetry that infuses the 7/5 meter rule of Waka and the Western spirit and thought came to be featured for the first time in 1882. After the very first new style poetry [a poem of Battotai] was first converted into a military song, numerous new style poetry works that reflected war consciousness and patriotism to king and country etc. on the occasion of the Sino-Japanese War in particular, were utilized as military song lyrics and came to gather big popularity with the public. The causes for new style poetry having been converted to military songs are as follows: the point that together with Toyama’s new style poetry praise, the production of military songs started, the point that as modern time’s thought poetry, the trend and public appeal of new style poetry was ensured and the point that due to the absence of expert composers, new style poetry was utilized as military songs. The effect relation of military songs of new style poetry can be divided into 5 aspects. First, in the language aspect, among the new style poetry works that were utilized as military songs, the Waka vocabulary that featured the most is the vocabulary concerning soldiers. In particular, the Mononohu(武士) shows the most utilization. Second, in the formal aspect, as the 7/5 meter rule that passes down as Waka–new style poetry-military songs, the 1 phrase+7.5 meter/dynamics rhythm is established and becomes rooted as the typical rhythm and rhythm system of modern music. Such a system leads on the tradition as it stands as military songs of the Showa era and military nation songs. Third, in the structural aspect, the structure of [Tenno-Nation )/Yamato-Damashii (Japanese spirit)·Bushido Spirit /Death of Mononohu] is the most emphasized and repeated. In other words, the three-point structure that concludes in [sacrifice for Tenno(Nation)-soldier’s spirit effect-death] is clearly demonstrated, which is the mechanism of the Meiji military songs. It can be said that Waka is a bridge that passes on such a mechanism to ancient-modern-future generations. Fourth, in the ideology aspect, in addition to the war ideology and nationalism that started with the introduction of Western modernism, the spirit of Meiji warrior’s code and Confucian military ethics are all combined, which results in establishing the national identity of feudalistic modernism. And it can be known that it was transferred as military songs. Fifth, in the subject part, the past exultant contents are especially emphasized and loyalty regarding the emperor, hero tales (stories of war achievements) and the death and sacrifice of soldiers are mainstream.