뉴미디어 세대와 일본 풀뿌리 평화운동의 조우: ‘헌법 9조에 노벨평화상을’ 운동
An Encounter between Japan’s New-Media Generation and Grassroots Peace Movements: The Campaign for “The Nobel Peace Prize for Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution”
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この論文は、2012年の第2次安倍晋三内閣成立後、日本政府·与党による改 憲の動きが表面化している状況の中で、平和憲法を維持してきた日本国民を ノーベル平和賞候補に3年連続推薦する活動を行っている「憲法9条にノーベ ル平和賞を」運動を分析する。既存の平和運動、特に護憲運動の主軸を成した戦争世代とは異なり、戦争体験ではなく、生活平和主義的感受性とニュー メディアという新しいコミュニケーション手段を持つ平凡な主婦から始まっ たこの運動は、数十万の賛同者を集め、全国的、またグローバルな関心と支 持の中で、3年以上勢力を増やしている。この論文は、このような異例の運動 を可能にした大きな要因としてニューメディア環境がもたらした新たな動員 構造に注目する一方、単純なインターネット署名運動を超えて運動の拡散が 可能になったのは、日本の草の根市民運動組織と個人有志、そして彼らの蓄 積された運動経験が結合されたためであったことを提起する。「憲法9条に ノーベル平和賞を」運動は、前後2世代の新しい運動方式と従来の平和運動が 改憲政局という特殊な状況の下で、結合に成功した事例として、また、 1980 年代を経て、主に保守主義と連動して理解されてきた生活平和主義に潜む政 治性が顕在化した事例として意義づけることができる。
Abstract
This paper examines the campaign entitled “The Nobel Peace Prize for Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution.” By collecting petitions, this campaign has recommended the Japanese people who have kept the Peace Constitution as a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize for three consecutive years. Building on an intriguing new media-based grassroots peace movement launched by Takasu Naomi, an ordinary housewife and mother of two young children, the campaign represents an effort to protest against the Liberal Democratic Party government’s series of actions aimed at revising the constitution after the establishment of the second Abe Shinzō Cabinet in 2012. My study pays special attention to the role of new media in creating new mobilizing structures for ordinary citizens to promote the movement and gain popular support. Nevertheless, without numerous enthusiastic supporters, grassroots social movement organizations, and their accumulated experience and strategies, it would have been impossible for the movement to expand its popular base. Thus, I assess this movement as having successfully combined the ways of traditional Japanese grassroots social movements with the new methods of the second-postwar generation movement. It also suggests that an everyday-life pacifism (as opposed to political pacifism), which has conventionally been associated with conservatism in postwar Japanese society, can surprisingly serve as a catalyst for civic activism.
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