Unexpectedness Effect: The Emphatic Determiner with Gradable NPs in Korean
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The main goal of this paper is to investigate the pragmatic contributions of Korean GU. The data deals mainly with the cases where GU receiving high prosodic prominences co-occurs with gradable NPs, and the utterance marked by GU expresses speaker’s strong surprise. Thus far, many theories about the meaning of gu have centered on the analysis of its function as being non-emphatic (i.e., demonstrative gu ‘that’ and/or definite gu ‘the’). While it has sometimes been recognized that the interpretation of GU is emphatic occurring in an unexpected context, the exact nature of the semantico-pragmatic meaning has not been properly understood. In the present article, I propose a novel function of the emphatic GU by suggesting that the meaning of the emphatic GU is distinct from the non-emphatic gu: when GU co-occurs with noun phrases modified by adjectives, it functions as an emphatic marker and raises the unexpectedness effect. In this vein, GU plays a role as a scalar intensifier that contributes scalar implicature associated with the least likely end on the likelihood scale. Since the proposition with a low likelihood was out of the subject’s expectation, the speaker’s strong surprise arises. The implication of my findings is that the emphatic GU needs to be considered as a novel device for the focus marker implicating mirativity which intensifies speaker’s strong surprise at the low likelihood.
Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to investigate the pragmatic contributions of Korean GU. The data deals mainly with the cases where GU receiving high prosodic prominences co-occurs with gradable NPs, and the utterance marked by GU expresses speaker’s strong surprise. Thus far, many theories about the meaning of gu have centered on the analysis of its function as being non-emphatic (i.e., demonstrative gu ‘that’ and/or definite gu ‘the’). While it has sometimes been recognized that the interpretation of GU is emphatic occurring in an unexpected context, the exact nature of the semantico-pragmatic meaning has not been properly understood. In the present article, I propose a novel function of the emphatic GU by suggesting that the meaning of the emphatic GU is distinct from the non-emphatic gu: when GU co-occurs with noun phrases modified by adjectives, it functions as an emphatic marker and raises the unexpectedness effect. In this vein, GU plays a role as a scalar intensifier that contributes scalar implicature associated with the least likely end on the likelihood scale. Since the proposition with a low likelihood was out of the subject’s expectation, the speaker’s strong surprise arises. The implication of my findings is that the emphatic GU needs to be considered as a novel device for the focus marker implicating mirativity which intensifies speaker’s strong surprise at the low likelihood.
참고문헌 (24)
- Ahn, M., "Emotion in Interaction: A Diachronic and Pragmatic Analysis of the Sentence-final Particle -tani in Korean", Studies in Language, 40(4), pp.872~893 (2016)
- Chang, S. -J., "Cisiwa Coung", Hangul, (186), pp.115~149 (1984)
- 정경숙, "한국어 종결어미 '-네'의 의미: 증거성 및 의외성과 관련해서", 언어, 37(4), pp.995~1016 (2012), 한국언어학회[DOI]
- Delancey, S., "The Mirative and Evidentiality", Journal of Pragmatics, (3), pp.371~384 (2001)
- Elbourne, P., "Demonstratives as Individual Concepts", Linguistics and Philosophy, 31(4), pp.409~466 (2008)
- Etxeberria, U., "Context-Dependence, Perspective and Relativity, Mouton de Gruyter, Mouton Series in Pragmatics 6" (2010)
- Ionin, T., "That’s Not So Different from the: Definite and Demonstrative Descriptions in Second Language Acquisition", Second Language Research, 28(1), pp.69~101 (2012)
- Kaneko, M., "Japanese Demonstrative so-no as a Modifier Lacking Definiteness", Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, 16, pp.335~348 (2012), MWPIL
- Kang, A., "Proceedings of Workshop on Altaic Formal Linguistics (WAFL)", Proceedings of Workshop on Altaic Formal Linguistics (WAFL) 8, 8, pp.187~198 (2012), MWPIL
- Kang, A., "(In)definiteness, Disjunction and Anti-specificity in Korean : A Study in the Semantics-pragmatics Interface", Ph.D, pp.2015
- Kaplan, D., "Themes from Kaplan", pp.481~563 (1977), Oxford University Press
- Kennedy, C., "Scale Structure, Degree Modification, and the Semantics of Gradable Predicates", Language, 81(2), pp.345~381 (2005)
- Krifka, M., "The Semantics and Pragmatics of Polarity Items in Assertion", Linguistic Analysis, (15), pp.209~257 (1995)
- 권익수, "한국어 종결어미 ‘-네’의 의미 재고찰: 정경숙(2012)에 대한 다른 생각", 언어, 38(1), pp.53~66 (2013), 한국언어학회[DOI]
- Lee, C., "Definites, Case Markers, Classifiers and Quantifiers in Korean", Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics, 3, pp.469~487 (1989)
- Lee, C., "Proceedings of the 10th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation", Proceedings of the 10th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, pp.281~291 (1995)
- 박진호, "韓國語에서 證據性이나 意外性의 의미성분을 포함하는 문법요소", 언어와 정보 사회, 15, pp.1~25 (2011), 언어정보연구소[DOI]
- Portner, P., "Negation and Polarity: Syntactic and Semantic Perspectives", pp.193~23 (2000), Oxford University Press
- Sohn, H.-M., "Korean", pp.1~ (1994), Routledge
- Strauss, S., "Cognitive Realization Markers : a Discourse-pragmatic Study of the Sentence Ending Particles-kwun, -ney and-tela", Language Sciences, 2, pp.437~480 (2005)
- 서경희, "An interactional account of the Korean demonstrative 'ku' in conversation", 언어와언어학, (29), pp.137~158 (2002), 언어연구소
- Wolter, L., "That’s that: the Semantics and Pragmatics of Demonstrative Noun Phrases", Ph.D, pp.2006
- Yoon, S., "‘Not’ in the Mood: The Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics of Evaluative Negation", Ph.D, pp.2011
- Zanuttini, R., "The Characterization of Exclamative Clauses in Paduan", Language, 76(1), pp.123~132 (2000)