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노인의 인지능력에 대한 언어적 예측변인

Linguistic Predictors of Cognition in Aging

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참고문헌

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주제분류기타사회과학

초록

언어-인지 능력은 노화의 주요한 예측변인이며, 경도인지장애나 치매의 초기 지표가 될수 있다. 특히, 신경학적 질환의 초기 단계에 나타나는 언어-인지적 변화는 생리학적인 노화현상과 유사해 변별적 진단이 어려울 수 있다. 따라서, 신경병리학적 진단 이전에 노인의 언어 및 인지 능력을 파악할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 노화를 예측하는 변별적 기능으로서유용하게 활용될 수 있는 언어 및 인지 영역이 무엇인지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 32명의청년((24.56±2.73세)과 34명의 노인(74.26±5.90세)을 대상으로 K-BNT-15, K-WAB, CAPTBI를 적용하여 대면이름대기, 비유언어 이해 등 5개 언어 능력과 기억력, 집행기능 등5개 인지 능력을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 대면이름대기, 비유언어 이해, 기억력, 집행기능 등 모든 언어-인지 능력에서 노인은 청년층에 비해 유의하게 낮은 수행력을 보였다. 둘째, 문제해결력, 시지각력 등의 인지 능력과 비유언어 이해, 비유언어 표현 등의 언어 능력이 상대적으로 예측력이 높은 변인에 해당하였다. 셋째, 대면이름대기는 주의력과 집행기능, 비유언어 이해는 시지각력, 생성이름대기는 기억력과 문제해결력을 잘 예측하는 언어 과제였다. 본 연구를 통해 언어 및 인지 능력이 노화의 예측변인으로서 매우 유용함을 확인할수 있었다. 또한, 언어-인지의 각 영역이 갖는 변별력과 예측 과제를 분석함으로써 임상적활용도를 높일 수 있는 증거 기반적 자료를 제공하였다.

Abstract

Linguistic and cognitive abilities are critical in predicting aging. They are also the early indicators of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Linguistic and cognitive changes in the early stage of neuropathological disease are similar to those of normal aging, and therefore it is difficult to discriminate them. It is necessary to examine linguistic and cognitive aspects of aging before diagnosed as neuropathological disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the linguistic and cognitive domains used as a differential function detecting aging. We selected 32 young adults (24.56±2.73 years) and 34 older adults (74.26±5.90 years), and administered the K-BNT-15, K-WAB, CAPTBI in measuring their five linguistic and five cognitive abilities. There were three main findings. Firstly, significant differences in the performance of young and aged adults were detected in both language and cognition like confrontational naming, confrontational naming, memory, and executive function. Secondly, several domains(problem solving, visuoperception, figurative language comprehension, and figurative language expression) had higher group discrimination. Lastly, confrontational naming task significantly predicted attention and executive function, and figurative language comprehension was the sensitive linguistic measure for assessing visuoperception in elderly people. Generative naming detected memory and problem solving of the aging population accurately. The results from the current study suggest that the linguistic and cognitive abilities are very useful as the predictors of aging. This examination also provides clinically informative evidence-based data.

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