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COVID-19 관련된 정부재정지원정책과 중소기업 기술혁신 특성에 관한 연구

Government Financial Support Policies Related To COVID-19 and Technological Innovation of SMEs

김경아
한국자치행정학회 (The korean Association for Local Government & Administration Studies)|2021.09|한국자치행정학보 (Korean Journal of Local Government & Administration Studies)|제35권 제3호|pp. 341-357|DOI 10.18398/kjlgas.2021.35.3.341

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금융지원집적경제COVID-19 재정지원효과중소기업 기술혁신기술혁신 재정지원조세지원정책직접자금지원the Impact of the Financial Support Related To COVID-19the Innovation of SMEsTax Support PoliciesDirect Fundingand Financial Support

초록

본 연구는 CCVID-19와 관련된 정부의 재정지원정책을 조세지원정책, 직접자금지원, 금융지원 등 3개 유형으로 분류하고, COVID-19와 관련된 재정지원정책 유형별 정책수혜여부와 중소기업 기술혁신활동 및 성과의 관계를 설명하였다. 분석데이터는 2020년 한국기업혁신조사(제조업)에 응답한 기업설문데이터이며, 이 중에서 계열사가 아닌 독립기업이면서 중소기업에 해당하는 2,933개 이다. 종속변수는 중소기업의 기술혁신성공여부이며, 설명변수는 Covid-19와 관련된 정부의 재정지원정책(조세지원정책, 직접자금지원, 금융지원) 수혜여부이다. 통제변수로서 기업특성은 기업규모, 기업의 혁신역량, 기술혁신활동 등을 통제하였다. 본 연구의 주요한 학문적 기여는 다음과 같다. 첫째, COVID-19와 관련된 중소기업 재정지원정책들이 그 유형별로 실제로 어떻게 중소기업의 기술혁신에 영향을 주었는가를 실증분석한 연구는 거의 없는데, 처음으로 실증분석을 통해 그 효과를 검증하였다. 둘째, COVID-19와 관련된 정부지원정책이 중소기업 기술혁신성공에 미치는 영향이 기업이 입지한 지역특성 즉 수도권과 비수도권를 분리해서 비교분석하였다. 조세지원과 재정지원 등 지원정책 유형에 따라서 수도권 더미의 통계적 유의성이 다른 것은 주목할 점이다. 셋째, 사용된 데이터가 통계청 승인데이터로서 통계적으로 잘 설계되어 전국 중소기업의 산업유형별 및 입지지역별 모집단의 특성을 잘 반영하고 있어서 분석 결과의 일반화가 가능하다.

Abstract

This study classifies the government's financial support policies related to COVID-19 into three types: tax support policies, direct funding, and financial support, and demonstrates the relationship between the innovation activities and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) and the benefit of each type of financial support policy related to COVID-19. The analysis samples are 2,933 firms which are independent small and medium-sized enterprises, in response to 「the 2020 Korea Business Innovation Survey(KIS)」 in the manufacturing industry. The main contributions of this study are as follows. First, this research about the impact of financial support policies for small and medium-sized enterprises on innovation performance is very timely. Since the Covid-19 outbreak, there are very limited studies to examine the relationships between financial support policies and innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs), and this study empirically examined the causal relationships between government support policies and firm performance. Second, the data used in this study are statistically well designed, as the national data approved by Statistics Korea, reflecting the characteristics of the population by industry type and location of small and medium enterprises nationwide, enabling generalization of the analysis results. Third, this study focuses on the difference in regional characteristics of the firms. In short, the study has discussed the impact of the government's support policy related to COVID-19 on the success of technological innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises depending on the regional characteristics of the firms by comparing the capital vs non-capital areas. The dependent variable is whether the innovation of SMEs is successful, and the explanatory variable is the government's financial support policies (i.e. tax support policies, direct funding and financial support) related to COVID-19. As a control variable, corporate characteristics used the innovation capabilities of the firm, firm size, and innovation activities.

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