煙臺의 개항과 東海關의 항구관리
Port Opening and Port Management of Chefoo Customs
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Chefoo is one of the open-port city in China modern time. It is located in the eastern-tip of Shandong peninsular, and offshore across from Korean peninsula. After it was opened in 1861, Chefoo had always been the only trading port in Shandong until Qingdao opened port in 1898. So the research value of Chefoo Open-port is very important both in chinese modern history and exchange history of China and Korea. There were abound of natural resources in Chefoo before it was opened, one may say, it was well suited to open port. But the traffic inconveniences and winter storms strangled the development of Chefoo to a certain extent. Chefoo got its name from the fire tower called "Yantai", then the Chefoo region was called 'Yantai'(but it was called 'Chefoo' in English). Port trading went up after Opium War. And it had already developed into the wealthiest town of Fushanxian before Chefoo was opened, while the port development did not change the economic environment of Chefoo because traditional self-sufficiency production was in a dominant position yet. There were a lot of ports opened after Opium War, but it can not meet Western countries requirements in economic and military needs. Although Dengzhou should be opened after Second Opium War by treaty, because the geographical position and harbour environment of Chefoo was better than Dengzhou's. Qing government consented to western countries requests to Change the open-port from Dengzhou to Chefoo. Then Chefoo was opened in 1861. Chefoo customs that was established immediately after this. It was the first official port management administration in Chefoo history. Then the managing authority of Chefoo customs gradually turned to Westerners. They managed the harbor with the western management methodology, objectively promoting the growth and development of Chefoo.
Abstract
Chefoo is one of the open-port city in China modern time. It is located in the eastern-tip of Shandong peninsular, and offshore across from Korean peninsula. After it was opened in 1861, Chefoo had always been the only trading port in Shandong until Qingdao opened port in 1898. So the research value of Chefoo Open-port is very important both in chinese modern history and exchange history of China and Korea. There were abound of natural resources in Chefoo before it was opened, one may say, it was well suited to open port. But the traffic inconveniences and winter storms strangled the development of Chefoo to a certain extent. Chefoo got its name from the fire tower called "Yantai", then the Chefoo region was called 'Yantai'(but it was called 'Chefoo' in English). Port trading went up after Opium War. And it had already developed into the wealthiest town of Fushanxian before Chefoo was opened, while the port development did not change the economic environment of Chefoo because traditional self-sufficiency production was in a dominant position yet. There were a lot of ports opened after Opium War, but it can not meet Western countries requirements in economic and military needs. Although Dengzhou should be opened after Second Opium War by treaty, because the geographical position and harbour environment of Chefoo was better than Dengzhou's. Qing government consented to western countries requests to Change the open-port from Dengzhou to Chefoo. Then Chefoo was opened in 1861. Chefoo customs that was established immediately after this. It was the first official port management administration in Chefoo history. Then the managing authority of Chefoo customs gradually turned to Westerners. They managed the harbor with the western management methodology, objectively promoting the growth and development of Chefoo.
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