인돌로지, 식민지 지식, 그리고 인도 근대역사학의 형성과 극복
Indology, Colonial Knowledge and History Writings in Modern India
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This article attempts to review the formation of modern historical writings in India during the period of European advent and the British colonial rule between the eighteenth and the twentieth centuries. In the trend of studies of Idologists, ancient Indian history was systematized out of reading and interpreting pseudo-historical records. Philological and ethnological studies in the eighteenth century produced the Aryan theory of race, which utilized to legitimize the British rule over India by the colonialists. Unlike the Indologists who rated the value of traditional Indian culture high, the colonial administrators under the influences of utilitarianism and evangelicalism percieved Indian history and society as vulgar, underdevelped and conjested. It was the British rule to bring the order and development to the Indian society, therefore it was legitimate and to be eternalized from the imperialists' point of view. Though there had been another style of history writing which inherited Indologist tradition, the imperialist history dominated the general milieu of Indian history writing. The imperialist history soon faced the strong challenge from the newly emerging nationalist history writings. The nationalist historians adopted two different strategies to cope with the imperialist concepts of 'congested Indian history' and 'the British as savior of India'. Those two strategies were highlighting the developed ancient culture of India contrasted to its miserable present exploited by the British; and imaging dynamic and developing Indian history by disproving 'congested Indian history'. The works of nationalist historians demonstrate that their mind-set resembles their former western rulers and their strategies somehow mimickingly reflects the mentality of its original imposers.
Abstract
This article attempts to review the formation of modern historical writings in India during the period of European advent and the British colonial rule between the eighteenth and the twentieth centuries. In the trend of studies of Idologists, ancient Indian history was systematized out of reading and interpreting pseudo-historical records. Philological and ethnological studies in the eighteenth century produced the Aryan theory of race, which utilized to legitimize the British rule over India by the colonialists. Unlike the Indologists who rated the value of traditional Indian culture high, the colonial administrators under the influences of utilitarianism and evangelicalism percieved Indian history and society as vulgar, underdevelped and conjested. It was the British rule to bring the order and development to the Indian society, therefore it was legitimate and to be eternalized from the imperialists' point of view. Though there had been another style of history writing which inherited Indologist tradition, the imperialist history dominated the general milieu of Indian history writing. The imperialist history soon faced the strong challenge from the newly emerging nationalist history writings. The nationalist historians adopted two different strategies to cope with the imperialist concepts of 'congested Indian history' and 'the British as savior of India'. Those two strategies were highlighting the developed ancient culture of India contrasted to its miserable present exploited by the British; and imaging dynamic and developing Indian history by disproving 'congested Indian history'. The works of nationalist historians demonstrate that their mind-set resembles their former western rulers and their strategies somehow mimickingly reflects the mentality of its original imposers.
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