이승만 정권기 문해교육 정책과 문맹퇴치 5개년 사업

Abstract

The literacy education should have been developed with the aim of sticking to cultivate desirable citizens for democracy. However, the literacy education was designed and performed with being warped and distorted to continue and extend the political power during the Syngman Rhee regime. According to the performing period and educational target of the illiteracy eradication campaign during 1954~1958, it exposed strongly Syngman Rhee regime's political intention to take advantage of that campaign under the slogan of 'getting rid of stick-typed symbol election'. The political aim of Syngman Rhee and Liberal Party regime can be understood by looking into the organizations which were mobilized for illiteracy eradication campaign. The Syngman Rhee regime used skillfully semi-government organizations to continue and strengthen its power in the 1950s, also it mobilized 5 social organizations like the National Association, Korea Youth Corps, Korea Women Association, Federation of Korean Trade Unions, Federation of Korean Farmers' and the Students' Defense Corps Association extensively for the illiteracy eradication campaign. These organizations were thought that they worked positively to push anticommunism which was the Syngman Rhee regime's ruling ideology and ruling party's winning in the election. Therefore, illiteracy eradication campaign during 1950s assumed strong character of government-inspired campaign to realize the Syngman Rhee regime's political aim. In the above context, we need to reconsider the idea that the illiteracy eradication campaign contributed to enhance national standard of politics or to resolve affairs of state to build democratic country. Rather, that campaign worked adversely to oppress the rights of democratic citizens.