4ㆍ19 이후 한국교회 갱신문제와 ‘참여’ 이해 ― 장공 김재준의 정교분리 이해를 중심으로 ―

Abstract

This paper deals with the movement of church renewal and the relationship between the state and church within Korean protestant church right after 4ㆍ19 by examining the works of Jangong Kim Jae-Jun and progressive theological groups. The protestant church, which had maintained a dense alliance with the state under the Rhee Syngman government, faced the demands of renewal and reformation spurt within and outside the church after 4ㆍ19. This study approaches this issue from three perspectives. First, the study attempts to show both the efforts and the limitations of the Korean church for repairing the past by empirically examining the agendas of church renewal within reformist groups centered around Jangong Kim Jae-Jun. Second, the idea of the state-church separation developed by Kim Jae-Jun after 4ㆍ19 can be evaluated as a meaningful theological interpretation in the way that it revealed the causes of the state-church alliance in the history of Korean church. Kim Jae-Jun’s emphases on the non-political, social and ethical functions of the church as well as on the ‘responsible social participation’ of the church could be seen as being in accordance with the currents of the April Revolution. Third, the church renewal movement of Kim Jae-Jun and his colleagues had limitations in that it was reverted to the conservative church during the Second Republic. The progressive movement expanded during the Second Republic brought about the reinforcement of the notion of security and anticommunism within the protestant church, and resulted in the church’s support of the 5ㆍ16 coup which had ‘anticommunism’ as its national policy. In particular, in emphasizing the possibilities of the change of human nature in the religious realms, Kim Jae-Jun and the reformist groups actively accepted the logics of ‘human reconstruction’ presented by the post 5ㆍ16 military government, resulting in allying themselves with the state-dominated national reconstruction movement.