뉴욕주공장조사위원회 노동개혁의 양면성, 1911-1915 — 혁신주의 시기 노동자 보호 정책에 내포되었던 젠더 의식의 한계 —
The Labor Reform of the New York State Factory Investigating Commission and its Ambivalence, 1911-1915 — The Limitation of Biased Gender Ideology behind the ‘Protective Legislation’ —
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This paper identifies the perceptions of labor in the Progressive Era and its development in the actual reforms by analyzing the labor reform of the New York State Factory Investigating Commission. The commission occupied prominent place in the progressive reform, in that it was originated from the concerted request for reform by the working class and progressives of New York City and tried to improve the overall industrial climate through the concrete legislation with a well-defined purpose. The protective legislation of the FIC, however, reflected the patriarchal gender system immanent in progressivism. its fundamental purpose was to stabilize and rationalize American capitalist society. Therefore, the FIC’s policies toward female workers intended to preserve the reproductive capacity of women necessary for maintaining an industrial society. As a result, the legislation of the FIC resulted in the exclusion of female workers from the workplace. Although the FIC achieved the desired result to improve the safety of working conditions, they defended the male-dominated wage system and regarded the women’s forced exclusion from the labor market as a natural phenomenon, thus failed to recognize their practical economic situations.
Abstract
This paper identifies the perceptions of labor in the Progressive Era and its development in the actual reforms by analyzing the labor reform of the New York State Factory Investigating Commission. The commission occupied prominent place in the progressive reform, in that it was originated from the concerted request for reform by the working class and progressives of New York City and tried to improve the overall industrial climate through the concrete legislation with a well-defined purpose. The protective legislation of the FIC, however, reflected the patriarchal gender system immanent in progressivism. its fundamental purpose was to stabilize and rationalize American capitalist society. Therefore, the FIC’s policies toward female workers intended to preserve the reproductive capacity of women necessary for maintaining an industrial society. As a result, the legislation of the FIC resulted in the exclusion of female workers from the workplace. Although the FIC achieved the desired result to improve the safety of working conditions, they defended the male-dominated wage system and regarded the women’s forced exclusion from the labor market as a natural phenomenon, thus failed to recognize their practical economic situations.
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