조선후기 奴婢의 父姓찾기 ― 良賤交婚者 所生 奴婢를 중심으로 ―

Abstract

In principle, slaves could not have their own family name(姓貫) in Joseon Dynasty. However, records that distinctly mention the family names(父姓) of slaves were found in the family register written in late Joseon dynasty even though they were not allowed to have family name(姓貫). They were all slaves born between a father, who’s a commoner, and a mother, who’s a slave. Thus, the correlation between family names of the slaves and their blood relations were analyzed in this study with a focus on slaves born between commoners and slaves(良賤交婚者 所生 奴婢). At the same time, an attention was given to the condition for acquiring a family name for slaves. The family names acquired by slaves born between commoner and slave, with confirmed blood relations, were generally consistent with the father’s family name(父姓). Most of the slaves acquired their family names in their generation. On contrary, there were cases where the slaves acquired a different family name to their father’s family name even though the blood relations were definite and there were cases where the slaves acquired the family name only in their children’s generation. Those who have acquired a family name among slaves born between commoners and slaves moved upwards in class(良人化) . They were recorded completely as a commoner not only for their occupation but also for their ancestral(四祖職役) and mother’s occupation(母職役) in the family register. But this change for slaves occurred at different times even among siblings who had the same father. In other words, there were slaves born between commoner and slave who achieved social mobility but there were those who could not and the timing of achievement were all different. Such differences occurred even among siblings who had the same father and it is thought that acquisition of family name and its timing is caused by the difference between siblings in acquiring the family name.