1892년 영･불 통상조약 폐지에 관한 연구
A Study on the Termination of the “Anglo-French Treaty of Commerce” in 1892
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This thesis examines the gap between the thought of free traders and the practice of the actual proceed of free trade, and researches the reason of why the free trade zone had to be dissolved in 19th century Europe, through the termination of “Anglo-French treaty of commerce” in 1892,The object of the free trade, which many economists have asserted during 19th century, was not merely to make people, who are directly in connection to the trade, gain economic profit. These free traders stressed that if the trade was vitalized, the expansion of market and the development of industry would follow accordingly, which would grow the wealth of nation, society and people. Furthermore, they believed that this free trade would naturally resolve the discord between trading nations. The Anglo-French treaty of commerce of 1860 was the first embodiment of this object. Both Richard Cobden and Michel Chvealier, who played the leading parts in negotiating and signing the treaty, believed that the commercial treaty between Britain and France would increase economical profit, and also end the diplomatic dissonance between the countries. This commercial treaty triggered the multiple commercial treaties between numerous countries within Europe, which have constructed the free trade zone in Europe. However, this free trade zone hardly settled disharmony between trade nations. The economic crisis in Europe made citizens in each nation to blame the competing countries. Moreover, albeit the free trade proceeded, because of strictly political reason Franco-Prussian war has broken out. Additionally the tariff-war between France and Italy occurred. Furthermore, the economic goal of free traders also did not realize. In case of France, even though the industry was modernized and their GDP had increased, the tax revenue, industrial profits, labor income and rural income had all decreased. In the process, the political strength of labors and farmers became stronger, and domestic political dispute was intensified. Eventually in 1892, as the result of adopting high duty policy in France, which is also known as the Meline tariff, the Anglo-French treaty of commerce was terminated, the free trade zone had dissolved and most of the countries in Europe had shifted their economic policy to high protection.
Abstract
This thesis examines the gap between the thought of free traders and the practice of the actual proceed of free trade, and researches the reason of why the free trade zone had to be dissolved in 19th century Europe, through the termination of “Anglo-French treaty of commerce” in 1892,The object of the free trade, which many economists have asserted during 19th century, was not merely to make people, who are directly in connection to the trade, gain economic profit. These free traders stressed that if the trade was vitalized, the expansion of market and the development of industry would follow accordingly, which would grow the wealth of nation, society and people. Furthermore, they believed that this free trade would naturally resolve the discord between trading nations. The Anglo-French treaty of commerce of 1860 was the first embodiment of this object. Both Richard Cobden and Michel Chvealier, who played the leading parts in negotiating and signing the treaty, believed that the commercial treaty between Britain and France would increase economical profit, and also end the diplomatic dissonance between the countries. This commercial treaty triggered the multiple commercial treaties between numerous countries within Europe, which have constructed the free trade zone in Europe. However, this free trade zone hardly settled disharmony between trade nations. The economic crisis in Europe made citizens in each nation to blame the competing countries. Moreover, albeit the free trade proceeded, because of strictly political reason Franco-Prussian war has broken out. Additionally the tariff-war between France and Italy occurred. Furthermore, the economic goal of free traders also did not realize. In case of France, even though the industry was modernized and their GDP had increased, the tax revenue, industrial profits, labor income and rural income had all decreased. In the process, the political strength of labors and farmers became stronger, and domestic political dispute was intensified. Eventually in 1892, as the result of adopting high duty policy in France, which is also known as the Meline tariff, the Anglo-French treaty of commerce was terminated, the free trade zone had dissolved and most of the countries in Europe had shifted their economic policy to high protection.
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