조선시대 경주 부윤의 재임기간과 교체사유— 『府尹先生案』을 중심으로 —

Abstract

This study set out to examine the reality of local leaders' term in office in Joseon based on the “Buyunseonsaengan” of Gyeongju-bu during the dynasty. In principle, those who had the Jong 2 Pum rank were appointed to the position of Gyeongju Buyun, but there were differences in the actual ranks according to periods. Buyuns in the Jong 2 Pum rank or higher accounted for a majority in Gyeongju Buyuns until the 14th~15th century, but those who had the Jeong 3 Pum rank accounted for 70% or higher since the 16th century. As for the routes of going into government service for Gyeongju Buyuns, an absolute majority of 90% or higher passed the civil service examination until the 16th~18th century. Entering the 19th century, their percentage dropped relatively with that of Eumjiks increasing. The number of Gyeonggwan-turned Gyeongju Buyuns made a clear decrease in the 19th century, when the local government official-turned Gyeongju Buyuns made a sharp increase. The study then examined the percentage of Gyeongju Buyuns that served out their legal term of 30 months or longer and found that the percentage was 32.2%(15th century), 36.6%(16th century), 8.5%(17th century), 1.4%(18th century), and 1.4%(19th century). It was a very rare case that a Gyeongju Buyun served out his term of 30 months or longer since 18th century. The percentage of Gyeongju Buyuns that held office for relatively long 24 months or longer was 41.5%(15th century), 59.2%(16th century), 21.4%(17th century), 17.4%(18th century), and 21.4%(19th century). The percentage decreased definitely since the 17th century compared to the 15th~16th century. The percentage of Gyeongju Buyuns that failed to serve one year in office or served one~two years in office was high at around 40% each since the 17th century. As for the reasons to replace a Gyeongju Buyun, only resignation and transfer were confirmed in the 14th and 15th century with no confirmed cases of completing the term and being dismissed from office. Since the 16th century, the cases of completing the term and being dismissed from office emerged as new reasons for replacement at around 10% and over 20%, respectively. The percentage of dismissal was the highest in the 17th and 18th century. Replacements due to transfer were more than replacements due to dismissal in the 19th century, which tendency was confirmed in kuns and hyeons of other regions in the same century. Considering the fact that 19 people that were appointed as Gyeongju Buyun and did not serve in office all happened in the 19th century along with those facts, it is apparent that the status of Gyeongju Buyun was lower in the 19th century than previous periods. Their term in office showed a very similar pattern to that of other regions. The leaders of kuns and hyeons for which individuals with a high rank were commissioned served in office for a shorter time regardless of changes to the status of kuns and hyeons. In addition, those who were dismissed had a short term in office, which indicates that the supervision function of the central government still worked in the 19th century.