楊度의 ｢金鐵主義說｣ 研究

Abstract

Yang Du was a prominent political thinker in late Qing China. In 1907, he founded The New China Gazette and published Gold and Iron Doctrine, advocating economic and military strengthening to transform the Qing Empire into a modern power. He called for a responsible government based on the people and emphasized the urgency of convening a national parliament. Yang supported constitutional monarchy believing the Chinese populace was ready for constitutional rule. At the same time, he viewed the monarchy as essential to maintaining unity among non-Han ethnic groups such as Mongols, Hui, and Tibetans. He proposed integrating these groups by selecting Chinese-speaking minority representatives for parliament. This paper examines Yang Du’s constitutional thought through a close reading of Gold and Iron Doctrine, arguing for his central role in the constitutionalist camp and challenging the rigid dichotomy often drawn between revolutionaries and constitutional reformers in late Qing historiography.