1618년 혜성에 대한 근대 초 독일인들의 인식— 혜성의 상징적 의미에 대한 고찰 —
The Early Modern German Perceptions of the Comets of 1618 — A Study on the Symbolic Meanings of Comets —
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The comets that suddenly appeared and crossed the night sky were mysterious phenomena as well as natural incidents for the early modern Europeans. Aristotle’s meteorological theory that was closely connected with his dichotomous cosmology and had decisively affected the European perceptions of comets since the ancient era encountered a serious challenge in the sixteenth century. In 1577, the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe demonstrated through empirical-quantitative observation and calculation that the comets must be not sublunary meteorological phenomena, but superlunary celestial bodies, and therefore posed a serious problem for the paradigm of the invariability of the celestial sphere. A series of comets of 1618 that motivated many Protestant authors in Germany to write pamphlets on the theme were considered omens indicating imminent catastrophes like a devastating war. Although these comets were the first to be observed through a telescope in the history of astronomy, the new images of special celestial bodies acquired through modern observational instrument could not yet replace the old symbolism. One of the most interesting incidents regarding the symbolic implications of the comets of 1618 was the so-called ‘Ulmer comets debate’, which was inspired by the eschatological interpretation of Ulmer mathematician J. Faulhaber. His millenarian opinion was criticized by both intellectuals and ministers of the city who regarded the comets as sign of God’s punishments, which could be reversible through believers’ tears of repentance.
Abstract
The comets that suddenly appeared and crossed the night sky were mysterious phenomena as well as natural incidents for the early modern Europeans. Aristotle’s meteorological theory that was closely connected with his dichotomous cosmology and had decisively affected the European perceptions of comets since the ancient era encountered a serious challenge in the sixteenth century. In 1577, the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe demonstrated through empirical-quantitative observation and calculation that the comets must be not sublunary meteorological phenomena, but superlunary celestial bodies, and therefore posed a serious problem for the paradigm of the invariability of the celestial sphere. A series of comets of 1618 that motivated many Protestant authors in Germany to write pamphlets on the theme were considered omens indicating imminent catastrophes like a devastating war. Although these comets were the first to be observed through a telescope in the history of astronomy, the new images of special celestial bodies acquired through modern observational instrument could not yet replace the old symbolism. One of the most interesting incidents regarding the symbolic implications of the comets of 1618 was the so-called ‘Ulmer comets debate’, which was inspired by the eschatological interpretation of Ulmer mathematician J. Faulhaber. His millenarian opinion was criticized by both intellectuals and ministers of the city who regarded the comets as sign of God’s punishments, which could be reversible through believers’ tears of repentance.
참고문헌 (34)
- 임두원, "아리스토텔레스의 자연학 읽기" (2020), 부크크
- , S.l., 1620,
- 김활란, "아우구스투스의 종교 정책 연구 -루디(Ludi)를 중심으로-", 서양사론, (150), pp.72~104 (2021), 한국서양사학회
- 데이비드 우튼, "과학이라는 발명" (2020), 김영사
- 안상현, "우리 혜성 이야기" (2013), 사이언스북스
- 오종현, "종교개혁의 확산과 시각 인쇄매체의 역할", 박사, pp.2018
- 칼 세이건, "혜성" (2003), 해냄
- 황대현, "발렌슈타인과 점성술", 독일연구 - 역사·사회·문화, (44), pp.7~52 (2020), 한국독일사학회[DOI]
- Bähr, Andreas, "Himmelszeichen und Weltgeschehen im Dreißigjährigen Krieg" (2017), Rowohlt
- Brüning, Volker F., "Bibliographie der Kometenliteratur" (2000), Hiersemann
- Clark, William, "Im Zeichen der Krise: Religiosität im Europa des 17" (1999), Vandenhoeck u. Ruprecht
- Gindhart, Marion, "Antikes und zeitgenössisches Wissen in der frühneuzeitlichen Kometenliteratur des deutschsprachigen Raumes" (2006), Reichert
- Jerratsch, Anna, "Der frühneuzeitliche Kometendiskurs im Spiegel deutschsprachiger Flugschriften" (2020), Franz Steiner Verlag
- Krusenstjern, Benigna von, "Im Zeichen der Krise: Religiosität im Europa des 17" (1999), Vandenhoeck u. Ruprecht
- Lehmann, Hartmut, "Literatur und Volk im 17. Jahrhundert: Probleme populärer Kultur in Deutschland, Vol. 2" (1985), Harrassowitz
- Mauelshagen, Franz, "Das illustrierte Flugblatt in der Kultur der Frühen Neuzeit" (1998), Peter Lang
- Meinel, Christoph, "Kometen in der Frühen Neuzeit" (2009), Universitätsverlag Regensburg
- Posch, Thomas, "Die Entdeckung der Weltharmonie", ~ (2017)
- Schenda, Rudolf, "Die deutschen Prodigiensammlungen des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts", Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens, 4 (1963)
- Schneider, Ivo, "Der Kometenstreit des Jahres 1618. Wunderwerk Gottes oder ganz natürliche Erscheinung?", Damals, (12) (1994)
- Schuppener, Georg, "Himmelsspektakel. Astronomie im Protestantismus der Frühen Neuzeit" (2015), Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
- Tschopp, Silvia S., "Heilsgeschichtliche Deutungsmuster in der Publizistik des Dreißigjährigen Krieges" (1991), Peter Lang
- Weichenhan, Michael, "Himmelsspektakel. Astronomie im Protestantismus der Frühen Neuzeit" (2015), Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
- Zillhardt, Gerd, "Aufzeichnungen aus dem Ulmer Territorium" (1975), Stadtarchiv Ulm