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전근대라는 이름의 덫에 물린 19세기 조선 과학의 역사성

Historicizing Nineteenth-Century Korean Science in the Trap of Pre-Modernity

문중양
규장각한국학연구원 (Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies)|2011.06|한국문화|제54호|pp. 99-130|DOI 10.22943/han.2011..54.004

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키워드

19세기최한기이규경한국의 전통과학이청남병철Korean traditional sciencenineteenth centuryYi GyugyeongYi CheongChoe HangiNam Byeongcheol
주제분류기타인문학

초록

Even though they were perceived as less interesting and historically less valuable than their eighteenth century counterparts, we can find noteworthy astronomical and geographical activities and products in nineteenth-century Korea from the following: piecemeal knowledge in the natural sciences in Oju yeonmun jangjeon sango (Random Expatiations of Oju) in the early nineteenth century, Choe Hangi’s writings during the 1830s and 1840s, cosmological discussions of Yi Cheong and Choe Hangi in the mid-nineteenth century, and professional studies and writings of astronomy and calendrical science by Nam Byeongcheol and Nam Byeonggil during the 1850s and 1860s. I want to make a historical revaluation of nineteenth-century Korean science which has been criticized for a long time in terms of ‘success and failure.’ I will focus on the differences between eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century science, and explore the genealogy of scientific knowledge on which the discourses of nineteenth-century Korean scholars were based. In conclusion, I argue that the representative scientific accomplishments of nineteenth century Korea demonstrate that Korean scholars had continued interest in natural knowledge and kept studying it unlike our common comprehension. Most works of astronomical science and the cosmological contemplations of nineteenth- century Korean scholars did not deviate from the traditional research program to synthesize western science, however unique and interesting, within the paradigm of East Asian science. Yet, I think they were satisfied that they solved and gave a good answer to what they wanted to understand, although their understanding to modern science was wrong. So it cannot be said nineteenth-century Korean scholars were less competitive and failed in competition with European science until the 1860s.

Abstract

Even though they were perceived as less interesting and historically less valuable than their eighteenth century counterparts, we can find noteworthy astronomical and geographical activities and products in nineteenth-century Korea from the following: piecemeal knowledge in the natural sciences in Oju yeonmun jangjeon sango (Random Expatiations of Oju) in the early nineteenth century, Choe Hangi’s writings during the 1830s and 1840s, cosmological discussions of Yi Cheong and Choe Hangi in the mid-nineteenth century, and professional studies and writings of astronomy and calendrical science by Nam Byeongcheol and Nam Byeonggil during the 1850s and 1860s. I want to make a historical revaluation of nineteenth-century Korean science which has been criticized for a long time in terms of ‘success and failure.’ I will focus on the differences between eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century science, and explore the genealogy of scientific knowledge on which the discourses of nineteenth-century Korean scholars were based. In conclusion, I argue that the representative scientific accomplishments of nineteenth century Korea demonstrate that Korean scholars had continued interest in natural knowledge and kept studying it unlike our common comprehension. Most works of astronomical science and the cosmological contemplations of nineteenth- century Korean scholars did not deviate from the traditional research program to synthesize western science, however unique and interesting, within the paradigm of East Asian science. Yet, I think they were satisfied that they solved and gave a good answer to what they wanted to understand, although their understanding to modern science was wrong. So it cannot be said nineteenth-century Korean scholars were less competitive and failed in competition with European science until the 1860s.

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