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도시정원의 생태계서비스 평가방법에 관한 연구 동향

Review of Ecosystem Services Assessment Methods in Urban Garden

모용원
(사)한국정원디자인학회 (Korea Institute of Garden Design)|2021.03|한국정원디자인학회지 (Journal of the Korea Institute of Garden Design)|제7권 제1호|pp. 60-69|DOI 10.22849/jkigd.2021.7.1.006

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참고문헌

키워드

Supporting Service지원서비스Allotment GardenCommunity Garden조절서비스공동체정원공급서비스주택정원Home Garden시민정원소규모 녹지Small Green-AreaProvisioning ServiceRegulating Service
주제분류조경학

초록

도시는 인공구조물과 인위적으로 조성된 녹지가 주를 이루는 만큼, 정원과 같은 소규모 녹지가 제공하는 생태계서비스도 중요하게 여겨지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도시정원 생태계 서비스 평가방법의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 최근 도시정원의 생태계서비스 평가관련 연구를 Google Scholar와 Web of Science 데이터베이스에서 검색을 진행하였다. 분석결과, 연구대상지는 시민정원, 주택정원, 공동체정원과 같이 다양한 용어 또는 유형에 대해 정원의 생태계서비스가 평가되고 있어, 정량적인 평가결과 해석을 위해 대상지 특성을 분명히 파악할 필요가 있다. 도시정원에서 제공하고 있는 생태계서비스는 다른 녹지와 달리 주로 직접적인 현장조사와 측정을 통해 평가하고 있었으며, 세부적이고 입체적인 공간구성까지 고려하고 있었다. 공급서비스는 작물 식재지에서 통로는 제외한 면적을 이용하고, 조절서비스는 화단(raised bed)까지 고려한 우수유출량 저감효과, 수분작용에 직접적인 역할을 하는 벌의 풍부도와 서식범위를 고려하고, 지원서비스는 식생의 입체적 구조나 3차원 주변 환경정보를 고려한 세부적인 데이터를 통해 생태계서비스 평가가 이루어졌다. 본 연구를 통해 도시정원이 제공하고 있는 생태계서비스를 정량적으로 평가하는 방법에 대해 알 수 있었으며, 추후 도시정원을 조성하는데 생태계서비스가 유용한 수단이 될 수 있다.

Abstract

Ecosystem services of small-scale green areas such as urban gardens have been considered important components in cities. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the study site, and materials and methods of assessment for the ecosystem services of urban gardens. Previous researches related to evaluating ecosystem services of urban gardens were searched in the Google Scholar and Web of Science databases. As the results, the study sites were used for various terms or types such as allotment garden, home garden, and community garden, so it is necessary to identify the characteristics of the study site before interpreting the quantitative ecosystem service assessment results. Compared to other green areas, ecosystem services provided by urban gardens were evaluated mainly through field surveys and measurements, and detailed spatial composition was also considered. For examples, the provisioning service was assessed by the area excluding the corridor from the crop planting areas, and the regulating service was evaluated from the effect of reducing stormwater runoff in consideration of the raised bed and the home-range of bees, which play an important role in pollination, were used. The supporting service was also assessed through detailed data, such as considering the vertical vegetation structure or 3D surrounding environment information. Therefore, it would be important to know how to quantitatively evaluate ecosystem services provided by urban gardens, and ecosystem services would be an important means of urban garden planning.

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