Grammaticalization of Proximative in English
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Abstract
This paper explores the grammaticalization processes, whereby three constructions of English, i.e. be going to, be about to, and be to, acquired the grammatical meaning of the proximative, i.e. ‘on the verge of doing x' as a verbal aspectual category describing an event denoted by a verb. Drawing upon historical data it is argued that the participation of the infinitival to was crucially instrumental in the development because of its purpose/intention meaning. Among the semantic change mechanisms involved in the process inference is notable. Furthermore, it is shown that the genesis of the proximative from be going to heavily relies on the lexical semantics of go, i.e. a directional movement, which triggered the psychological proximity, whereas be about to is built on the semantics of about, which originally signified ‘outer surface', i.e., the proximity sense was developed from the notion of ‘contact'. As for the disparity in use frequency from the corpus data, it is claimed that be to is least frequently used because of its weak imminence meaning, whereas be going to is most frequently used because the proximative marking became conflated with the near-future tense-marking function for their shared semantic property of ‘nearness'. The frequency increase seems to be due to the fact that the future tense-marking is a very commonly attested function across languages. It is also suggested that be about to has the strongest force of imminence meaning, but it is not as frequently used as be going to, because the grammatical notion of ‘proximative' per se is not a conceptually salient one as compared to other more frequently encoded grammatical concepts.
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