Grammaticalization of Proximative Aspect in Korean.
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Abstract
In Korean, lye(ko)ha-, literally meaning ‘do (something) in order to', marks the Proximative aspect. The development of the Korean Proximative aspect marker -lye(ko) ha- involves a volitive expression lye(ko) ‘in order to' and thus follows the pattern attested in many languages. However, the Korean marker departs from those in other languages in that it was developed not from a single lexical source but from a periphrasis involving a volitive connective and a light verb; and that it is closely related to the future marker. The development from ‘do (something) in order to' to ‘almost, nearly, be about to' is, prima facie, an instance of metaphorization, whereby human volition is mapped to a state of entities including inanimate beings, i.e. attribution of volition to inanimates. However, a diachronic, albeit cursory, exploration into the development of this grammatical marker reveals that the progression involved a series of complicated processes such as a gradual semantic generalization, a gradual formation of a construction, and a formal split from the source structure. Most of these processes can be characterized as metonymization. This paper shows that an apparent metaphor may in fact a cumulative effect of a series of metonymy, thus lending support to the notion ‘post hoc metaphor'. An implication of this analysis in linguistic theories is that synchronic description may diverge from historical explanation, and thus it calls for the necessity of diachronic research to supplement purely synchronic descriptive analyses. This paper presents an analysis of the changes in meaning, phonology, and morpho-syntax that accompanied the grammaticalization of the proximative in Korean.
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