Semantic Changes of Relational Nouns into Prepositions of English: A Grammaticalization Perspective
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to explore general characteristics of prepositions derived from spatial nouns, focuing on such theoretical issues as source characteristics and intra- and inter-categorial status. We also investigate semantic changes displayed by English relational nouns in the course of the grammaticalization into prepositions. For this purpose, we deal with four locative prepositions in front of, in back of, on top of, and at the bottom of, derived from relational nouns, such as front, back, top and bottom which appear to be created by cross-culturally exploited model (i.e. human body-parts). This model is commonly recruited for creating the grammar of space. In English, expressions of relational concepts frequently derived from body-parts show the unidirectional evolution which can be arranged along the scale: Body-parts > Spatial nouns > Temporal concept > Static or Conditional quality. Based on the fact that concrete meanings serve as structural templates to denote more abstract meanings, we discuss the semantic extensions of spatial nouns into prepositions in terms of three major forces causing semantic change: metaphor, metonymy and subjectification(e.g. egocentricity).
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