충청·전라지역 산업단지 주변지역에서의 벤젠 인체 위해성 평가
Human Health Risk Assessment of Benzene from Industrial Complexes of Chungcheong and Jeonla Province
0
조회
0
다운로드
11
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This research studied human health risk assessment of benzene from industrial complexes of Chungcheong Province (Seosan industrial complex) and Jeonla Province (Iksan industrial complex and Yeosoo industrial complex). The residents near the industrial complexes areas can be often exposed to volatile organic compounds (e.g., benzene, toluene, xylenes) through a number of exposure pathways, including inhalation of the organic pollutant via various environmental matrices (air, water and soil), contaminated water, and soil intake. Benzene is well known to be a common carcinogenic and toxic compound that is produced from industrial and oil refinery complexes. In this study, a number of samples from water, air, and soil were taken from the residential settings and public school zones located near the industrial complex sites. Based on the carcinogenic risk assessment, the risk estimates were slightly above 1.0×10^(-6)at all three industrial sites. According to deterministic risk assessment, inhalation was the most important route. The distribution of benzene in the environment would be dependent on vapor pressure, and the physical property influencing the extent of the potential risks. Noncarcinogenic risk assessment of benzene shows that the values of Hazard Index(HI) were much lower than 1.0 at all industrial complexes. Therefore, benzene was not a cause of concern in terms of non-carcinogenic risk posed to the residents near the sites. When compared to probabilistic risk assessment, the CTE(central tendency exposure) cancer risk values of deterministic risk assessment were close to the mean values predicted by the probabilistic risk assessment. The RME(reasonable maximum exposure) values fell within the range of 95% to 99.9% estimated by the probabilistic risk assessment. Since the values of carcinogenic risk assessment were higher than 1.0×10^(-6), further detailed monitoring and refined risk assessment for benzene may be warranted to estimate more reliable and potential inhalation risks to receptors near the industrial complexes.
Abstract
This research studied human health risk assessment of benzene from industrial complexes of Chungcheong Province (Seosan industrial complex) and Jeonla Province (Iksan industrial complex and Yeosoo industrial complex). The residents near the industrial complexes areas can be often exposed to volatile organic compounds (e.g., benzene, toluene, xylenes) through a number of exposure pathways, including inhalation of the organic pollutant via various environmental matrices (air, water and soil), contaminated water, and soil intake. Benzene is well known to be a common carcinogenic and toxic compound that is produced from industrial and oil refinery complexes. In this study, a number of samples from water, air, and soil were taken from the residential settings and public school zones located near the industrial complex sites. Based on the carcinogenic risk assessment, the risk estimates were slightly above 1.0×10^(-6)at all three industrial sites. According to deterministic risk assessment, inhalation was the most important route. The distribution of benzene in the environment would be dependent on vapor pressure, and the physical property influencing the extent of the potential risks. Noncarcinogenic risk assessment of benzene shows that the values of Hazard Index(HI) were much lower than 1.0 at all industrial complexes. Therefore, benzene was not a cause of concern in terms of non-carcinogenic risk posed to the residents near the sites. When compared to probabilistic risk assessment, the CTE(central tendency exposure) cancer risk values of deterministic risk assessment were close to the mean values predicted by the probabilistic risk assessment. The RME(reasonable maximum exposure) values fell within the range of 95% to 99.9% estimated by the probabilistic risk assessment. Since the values of carcinogenic risk assessment were higher than 1.0×10^(-6), further detailed monitoring and refined risk assessment for benzene may be warranted to estimate more reliable and potential inhalation risks to receptors near the industrial complexes.
참고문헌 (26)
- 국립환경과학원, "위해성 평가의 대상물질 선 정기준, 절차 및 방법 등에 관한 지침", 국립환 경과학원 고시 제 2006-30호, ~ (2007)
- 백성옥, "포항과 구미의 대규모 산단지역 대기 중 휘발성 유기화합물 농도 분포 특성에 관한 연구", 환경독성보건학회지, 20(2), pp.167~178 (2005), 환경독성보건학회
- 여천공단지역의 환경오염으로 인한 건강 위해성 평가, "연세대학교 환경공해연구소", 국립 환경연구원, ~ (1997)
- 이용진, "공단지역에서 대기 중 Benzene 위 해도에 근거한 암 사망 손실 비용 추정 연 구", 석사, pp.2006
- 이진홍, "석유화학단지의 휘 발성 유기 화합물에 대한 확률론적 위해도 평가", 대한환경공학회지, 20(6), pp.841~850 (1998)
- 임성국, "공단지역과 대조지역의 주택실내· 외 공기질(벤젠,톨루엔,이산화질소)측정 및 노출평가", 석사, pp.2009
- 정성운, "국내 매립지에서의 BTEX 성분을 중심으로 한 VOCs 배출량 선정 연구", 한국대기환경학회지, 22(2), pp.209~222 (2006), 한국대기환경학회
- 조성준, "VOCs의 위해성 평가를 위한 노출분석 방법 연구", 환경독성보건학회지, 17(2), pp.147~160 (2002), 환경독성보건학회
- 화학물질 위해성 평가보고서: 벤젠, "환경부", ~ (2007)
- 환경부, "한국형 노출계수 개발 및 운영체계 구축 연구 - 한국 노출계수 핸드북", ~ (2007)
- Decisioneering,INC., "Crystall Ball version 11.0, User Manual", ~ (2000)
- "Directive, 2004", 42, 13, pp.EC
- Hinwood A., "Volatile organic compounds in selected microenvironments", Science of the Total Environment, 322(1), pp.155~166 (2004)
- Japan Ministry of Health (JMH), "Guideline values of individuals volatile organic compounds" (2002)
- Risk Assessment in Environmental Management - A guide for Managing Chemical Contamination Problems, "Kofi Asante-Duah", ~ (1998)
- Malherbe, L., "VOC emissions during outdoor ship painting and health-risk assessment", Atmospheric Environment, 41(30), pp.6322~6330 (2007)
- insky, R, "Leukemia in benzene workers", American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2, pp.217~245 (1981)
- Robinson S., "Immunotoxicological effects of benzene inhalation in male Sprague-Dawley rats", Toxicology, 119(3), pp.227~237 (1997)
- Rothman N., "Hematotoxicity among chinese workers heavily exposed to benzene", American Journal of Medicine, 29(3), pp.236~246 (1996)
- Smith M., "Biomarkers of leukemia risk:Benzene as a model", Environ Health Perspective Supplement, 106, pp.937~946 (1998)
- "U.S.EPA.IRIS(Integrated Risk Information System)"[URL]
- U.S.EPA, "Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment", Fed.Reg, 51 (1986)
- U.S. EPA, "Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume Ⅰ Human Health Evaluation Manual(Part A)" (1989)
- U.S. EPA, "Exposure Factors Handbook" (1997)
- WHO, "Air quality guideline for Europe" (2000)
- Yin S., "Occupational exposure to benzene in China", British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 44, pp.192~195 (1987)