대산 석유화학 산업단지 인근 지역에서의 BTEX 인체 위해성 평가
Human Health Risk Assessment of BTEX from Daesan Petrochemical Industrial Complex
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구에서는 대산 석유화학 산업단지에서 배출되는 BTEX (benzene toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene)의 농도 및 분포 특성을 조사하여 지역주민에 대한 잠재적 위해성을 파악하였다. 산업단지 인근 지역주민들은 다양한 매체(공기, 물, 토양), 특히 공기를 통해 화학물질에 노출될 수 있다. 이 연구는 결정론적 및 확률론적 위해성 평가 접근 방식을 모두 사용하여 흡입에 의한 인체 건강 위험을 평가하였다. 결정론적 위해성 평가 결과 모든 지점에 대해 비발암 위해도의 유해지수(HI) 1.0보다 훨씬 낮은 결과가 나타났다. 그러나 발암 위해성 평가 결과, 산업단지 내에 위치한 A 지점에서 벤젠에 대한 초과발암위해도는 2.28 ×10-6 로 기준치인 1.0×10-6 을 약간 상회하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 해당 지점에 대한 확률론적 위해성평가 결과, 보수적 기준인 1.0×10-6 을 초과하는 Percentile은 45.3%로 나타났으며, 민감도 분석 결과 노출시간(ET)가 결과에 미치는 영향이 가장 크다고 판단되었다. 인체 위해성 평가 결과, 에틸벤젠, 톨루엔, 자일렌에 대해서는 인체에 위해한 영향이 적은 것으로 판단되었으나, 벤젠은 초과발암위해도 기준(1.0× 10-6 )을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 산업단지에서 공기 중 VOCs에 대한 광범위한 모니터링을 통해 이러한잠재적 위험을 평가하기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.
Abstract
In this study, the concentration and distribution characteristics of BTEX (benzene toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) emitted from Daesan Petrochemical Industrial Complex were examined to determine their potential hazards to local residents. Residents living nearby the complex areas may be exposed to the chemicals through various media (air, water, and soil), especially by air. This study evaluated human health risks by inhalation using both deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment approaches. As a result of the deterministic risk assessment, the non-cancer risk was much lower than the regulation limit of hazard index (HI 1.0) for all the points. However, in case of cancer risk evaluation, it was found that the risk of excess cancer for benzene at point A located in the industrial complex was 2.28×10-6 , which slightly exceeded the standard regulatory limit of 1.0×10-6 . In addition, the probabilistic risk assessment revealed that the percentile exceeding the standard of 1.0×10-6 was found to be 45.3%. The sensitivity analysis showed that exposure time (ET) had the greatest impact on the results. Based on the risk assessment study, it implied that ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene had little adverse effects on potential human exposure, but benzene often exceeded the cancer risk standard (1.0×10-6 ). Further studies on extensive VOCs monitoring are needed to evaluate the potential risks of industrial complex areas.
참고문헌 (29)
- Seinfeld JH, "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change" (1998), John Willey & Sons, Inc
- An Investigation on the Air Environment Impact of Daesan Industrial Complex, "Daesan Industrial Complex Association", ~ (2016)
- Seosan City Environmental Plan (2022-2026), "Seosan City", 307~ (2021)
- Manahan S, "10th Edition Environmental Chemistry" (2018)
- "2018-2020. Air Quality Monitoring Results"[URL]
- 장용철, "충청·전라지역 산업단지 주변지역에서의 벤젠 인체 위해성 평가", 환경영향평가, 20(4), pp.497~507 (2011), 한국환경영향평가학회
- 오유진, "산업단지 주변지역 실내공기의 PM10 중 중금속 노출 및 건강영향평가", 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지, 18(1), pp.18~27 (2019), 한국냄새환경학회[DOI]
- 김상목, "산업단지 계획 시 유해대기오염물질에 대한 건강영향평가 사례 연구", 환경영향평가, 28(6), pp.616~625 (2019), 한국환경영향평가학회
- 이가인, "국내 도로 노면 퇴적입자 내 PAHs의 인체 위해성 평가", 환경영향평가, 29(4), pp.286~297 (2020), 한국환경영향평가학회
- Ertan D, "Health risk assessment of BTEX emissions in the landfill environment", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176, pp.870~877 (2009)[DOI]
- Mohammad M, "Investigation of outdoor BTEX:Concentration, variations, sources, spatial distribution, and risk assessment", Chemosphere, 163, pp.601~609 (2016)
- Behzad H, "BTEX exposure assessment and quantitative risk assessment among petroleum product distributors", Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 144, pp.445~449 (2017)
- Anchal G, "A comprehensive study on spatio-temporal distribution, health risk assessment and ozone formation potential of BTEX emissions in ambient air of Delhi, India", Science of the Total Environment, 659, pp.1090~1099 (2018)
- Mohammad AM, "Gas flares contribution in total health risk assessment of BTEX in Asalouyeh, Iran", Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 137, pp.223~237 (2020)
- Liu YJ, "Occupational health risk assessment of BTEX in municipal solid waste landfill based on external and internal exposure", Journal of Environmental Management, 305, pp.114348~ (2021)
- Hamid RG, "Level of air BTEX in urban, rural and industrial regions of Bandar Abbas, Iran; indoor-outdoor relationships and probabilistic health risk assessment", Environmental Research, 200, pp.111745~ (2021)
- Ali A, "Emission of BTEX compounds from the frying process : Quantification, environmental effects, and probabilistic health risk assessment", Environmental Research, 204, pp.112295~ (2021)
- Adel M, "BTEX levels in rural households : Heating system, building characteristic impacts and lifetime excess cancer risk assessment", Environmental Pollution, 298, pp.118845~ (2022)
- 김옥, "기상변수들의 확률밀도함수(PDF)에 따른 CalTOX모델을 이용한 BTEX 인체노출량 및 인체위해성 평가 연구", 한국환경보건학회지, 45(5), pp.497~510 (2019), 한국환경보건학회[DOI]
- 김예린, "산업단지 VOC 저감 최적가용기법(BAT) 선정을 위한 다매체 거동모델 기반 인체위해성·환경성·경제성 평가", Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHAK), 58(3), pp.325~345 (2020), 한국화학공학회
- National Institute of Environmental Research, "Guidelines for Operation of Real-Time Mobile Mass Analysis System", ~ (2021)
- "Number of resident registration households by administrative district" (2020)[URL]
- "Pollutant release and transfer register (2018-2020)" (2022)[URL]
- "IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System)"[URL]
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Guidelins for Cancinogen Risk Assessment. Fed. Reg. 51", ~ (1986)
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A)", ~ (1989)
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Exposure Factors Handbook. EPA", 600, 052F, pp.National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011[DOI]
- "Tox-Info" (2022)[URL]