중장년 근로자의 나이차별인식이 퇴직 후 경력준비에 미치는 영향 - 업무장애의 매개효과 및 고용형태의 조절효과 -
The Effect of Perceived Ageism of Middle-Aged Workers on Post-Career Preparation - Mediation Effect of Work Barrier & Moderation Effect of Employment Type -
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 퇴직을 앞둔 중장년 근로자의 나이차별인식이 퇴직 후 경력준비에 미치는 영향을 확인하는 것이다. 또한 나이차별인식과 퇴직 후 경력준비의 관계에서 업무장애의 매개효과를 검증하고, 다집단 분석을 통해 업무장애와 퇴직 후 경력준비의 관계에서 고용형태(즉, 정규직 및 비정규직)의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 다양한 국내 기업에 종사하고 있는 중장년 근로자 372명의 설문을 분석한 결과, 나이차별인식은 업무장애와 퇴직 후 경력준비에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 업무장애는 퇴직 후 경력준비에 부정적인 영향을 끼쳤으며, 매개효과 검증결과 나이차별인식은 업무장애를 통해 퇴직 후 경력준비에 유의미한 간접 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 고용형태로 구분한 다집단 분석 결과, 업무장애와 퇴직 후 경력준비 경로에서 고용형태에 따른 유의미한 차이가 발견되었는데, 비정규직 근로자는 정규직 근로자보다 업무장애를 겪을 경우 퇴직 후 경력준비에 더 어려움을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 중장년 근로자의 퇴직 후 경력준비에 대한 시사점과 후속 연구를 제안하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the career preparation of middle-aged workers after their retirement from the major career, and the effect of ageism perception. The study also examined the mediation effect of work barrier between the ageism perception and the career preparation, as well as the moderation effect of employment type (i.e., regular or contingent worker) on the relationships between work barrier and career preparation using multi-group analysis. Conducting a survey research to 372 middle-aged workers in various organizations, the study found the effects of ageism on work barrier and post-career preparation. Work barrier was found to have a negative effect on career preparation in such a way that ageism had an indirect effect through work barrier. The multi-group analysis in terms of employment type showed a significant difference where the contingent worker perceived poorer post-career preparation when they have work barrier than their regular counterpart. Based on the findings, the study provided implication and future research for the career preparation of middle-aged workers.
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