목표지향성이 직무만족 및 정서적 고갈에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 경력몰입의 조절효과에 대한 연구
The Moderating Effect of Career Commitment on the Relationships between Goal Orientation, Job Satisfaction, and Emotional Exhaustion
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초록
조직에서 구성원의 도전적 목표달성을 위한 자발적 노력이 중요해지면서 높은 수준의 성취가 요구되는 상황에서 개인이 어떠한 목표를 선호하는가를 의미하는 목표지향성의 개념은 많은 학문적 관심을 받고 있다. 다양한 유형의 목표지향성 중에서 학습을 통한 업무 능력의 향상 및 성장 관련 목표를 추구하고자 하는 욕구를 의미하는 학습목표지향성과 탁월한 업적을 창출하거나 능력을 보여줌으로써 타인으로부터 좋은 평가를 받고자 하는 목표를 추구하는 욕구를 의미하는 성과증명목표지향성은 직무에 대한 태도 및 성과와 관련 있는 목표지향성의 유형으로 인식되고 있다. 이 두 유형은 도전적 상황을 해석하고 대응하는 방식에서 차이가 존재한다는 점에서 직무에 대한 긍정적 또는 부정적 태도와 상이한 관계성을 맺을 수 있음에도, 이에 대한 선행연구는 부족하였다. 또한 조직구성원이 보유하는 주요한 목표 중 하나는 경력성공으로써 구성원의 경력에 대한 몰입 수준에 따라서 두 유형의 목표지향성이 직무 태도에 미치는 영향은 다를 수 있을 것이다. 이에, 본 연구는 목표지향성을 학습목표지향성과 성과증명목표지향성으로 구분하고, 이 두 유형의 목표지향성이 직무만족과 직무소진의 하위차원 중 하나인 정서적 고갈에 미치는 차별적 영향을 살펴보고, 이들 관계에서 경력몰입의 조절효과를 검증하고자 시행되었다. 국내 직장인 167명을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하고, 회귀분석을 통해 가설을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 학습목표지향성은 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타난 반면, 정서적 고갈에는 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 본 연구의 예상과는 달리 성과증명목표지향성이 높을수록 직무만족은 높아졌으며, 정서적 고갈에는 유의한 부정적 영향을 주지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경력몰입의 조절효과와 관련해서는 경력몰입이 낮을수록 학습목표지향성과 직무만족간의 정(+)의 관계는 강해지는 반면, 학습목표지향성과 정서적 고갈의 부(-)의 관계는 경력몰입이 높을수록 강해지는 것으로 나타났다. 성과증명목표지향성을 보유한 구성원의 경우, 경력몰입이 높을수록 정서적 고갈은 증가하는 반면, 경력몰입이 낮을수록 직무만족은 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 목표지향성이 구성원의 직무만족 및 정서적 고갈에 영향을 미치는 메커니즘을 경력몰입이라는 특성을 고려하여 살펴봄으로써, 목표지향성과 직무에 대한 태도 간의 관계를 심층적으로 이해하는 데에 기여하고 있다. 실무적인 측면에서 보면, 본 연구는 학습목표지향성이 높은 구성원에게 학습을 동반한 도전적이고 흥미로운 업무를 부여하는 것이 중요하며, 성과증명목표지향성을 보유한 구성원의 경우에는 승진 등 경력목표를 과도하게 추구함으로써 정서적 고갈에 빠지지 않도록 하는 것이 중요하다는 점을 시사하고 있다. 본 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구방향은 논문의 말미에 제시하였다.
Abstract
Among the various types of goal orientation, learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation are considered to influence in employee's attitudes and behaviors. When we consider the differences of these two types of goal orientation in terms of interpreting and responding the achievement situation, two types of goal orientation are expected to have different relationship with employees' job attitudes, such as job satisfaction and job burnout; nonetheless, there are few examination on these relationships. In addition, given that career success is critical for employees in organization, the relationship between two types of goal orientation on job attitudes may be moderated by employees' career commitment. Hence, the current study aims to investigate the relationships between learning and prove performance goal orientation and job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion, a dimension of job burnout, and moderating effect of career commitment. Data were collected from 167 Korean employees through self-reported survey and hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analysis. Results showed that, learning goal orientation was positively related to job satisfaction and negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Contrary to hypotheses, prove performance goal orientation was also positively associated with job satisfaction and was not significantly related to emotional exhaustion. The positive relationships between learning and prove performance goal orientation and job satisfaction were higher for employees with low career commitment. The negative relationship between learning goal orientation and emotional exhaustion and positive relationship between prove performance goal orientation and emotional exhaustion were higher for high levels of career commitment. This study contribute to understand the unique relationship between learning and prove performance goal orientation and job attitudes by considering career commitment. Practically, imply that organizations need to provide employees who have high level of learning goal orientation and career commitment with learning opportunities from challenging works. Limitations and suggestions for future research are delineated.
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