Opacity Effects in Kinyarwanda Consonant Phonology
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This paper aims to examine and analyze the opacity phenomena found in the language of Kinyarwanda via rules and their interaction. Of particular interest is that voiceless stops in Kinyarwanda tend to be neutralized or merged into h after their place transfer to the target, mainly n of a prefix. In addition, a nasal target also changes its place of coronal to labial due to its following trigger, i.e., an underlying h. In fact, the change of n→[m] before an underlying h versus before a derived h is not discriminated at the surface, but it comes from the different route. Especially for the latter, nasal homorganicity favors place transfer right before the neutralization as h, i.e., aspiration. Opaque rule relation is also found in the underapplication of palatalization with respect to low vowel deletion.
Abstract
This paper aims to examine and analyze the opacity phenomena found in the language of Kinyarwanda via rules and their interaction. Of particular interest is that voiceless stops in Kinyarwanda tend to be neutralized or merged into h after their place transfer to the target, mainly n of a prefix. In addition, a nasal target also changes its place of coronal to labial due to its following trigger, i.e., an underlying h. In fact, the change of n→[m] before an underlying h versus before a derived h is not discriminated at the surface, but it comes from the different route. Especially for the latter, nasal homorganicity favors place transfer right before the neutralization as h, i.e., aspiration. Opaque rule relation is also found in the underapplication of palatalization with respect to low vowel deletion.
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