제주와 몽골의 산육 신앙 비교

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to look into the possibility of cultural communication between Jeju and Mongolia, where people have a deep historic affinity, by comparing the aspects of the folkway related to birth and parenting among folklores. To this end, we looked at the myths and rituals related to the birth and parenting folkway of the two regions. Jeju's birth and parenting god is Myeongjinguk Taenimagi, which received the Jade Emperor's recommendation for “Samseung Halmang.” The goddess shows up at the fetus and childbirth site to actively promote th safety of the baby from the threat of “ex-Samseung Halmang,” who play a role as evil god. Mongolia's mountain spirit is “Manzan Gourmet Today,” which inherited the aspect of Ji Mo-shin, and uses heavenly magic books to govern the birth of a child, as well as the life-or-death soldiers of all gods and human beings. However, since the heavenly god does not manifest itself in the process of giving birth or raising children, Mongolians worship a created goddess “Emgelzine Jayagalgari: The Old Lady of Destiny.” There is a “Buldo Maji” ritual in Jeju that uses the sorcery of flowers, and the rite of faith in “Mother Rock” is widely inherited in Mongolia. As a result, Jeju people ideologically view the mythical space of “Seocheon Flower Garden,” and Mongolians regard as the fortress of “Borhan Haldon” as the source of life and death, making trees and rocks growing there as objects of awe. In short, the Jeju Islander and Mogolian commonly saw that the boundaries of the baby’s life and death were unclear until a certain period of time, and thus called the birth and parenting god actively, until the time when the order of life was established. Meanwhile, the difference of birth and parenting ritual between Jeju and Mongolia illustrates the characteristics of the two regions. In Jeju Island, which is based on the farming cultural, the ritual is passed on as a shamanistic ritual culture centering on the sacred field, however in Mongolia which is based on the nomadic tradition, the culture of daily rituals centered on sacred acts.