제주와 몽골의 ‘돌 신앙’ －신체(神體)의 산육신적 특성을 중심으로－

Abstract

In this paper, it is observed what are various aspects and features of the divinity for bearing and raising in the stone body of deity showed in Shamanism in Jeju and Mongolia. The characteristics of the body of deity which functions as the divinity for conception, bearing and raising in Jeju and Mongolia are as follows. First, the rock body of deity as the divinity of production who helps to conceive, bear and raise the child in two areas, has primarily the characteristics of the Mother Goddess and a close relationship with water. Second, the stone body of deity which becomes the object of devotedly praying for the child in Shamanism of Jeju, is mainly called as 'Maitreya', which seems to have to do with the the traditional faith of dragon and also seems to have a certain relationship with a religious belief of the Great Bear(Seven Star). In Mongolia, the body of deity which becomes the object of devotedly praying for the child, is related with the faith of Goddess Mother of the Earth, which is a religious belief of the Mother Earth ensuring production and fertileness. Third, about the divinity for conception, bearing and raising in both area all, the feminine godhood is dominative but masculine godhood is also involved in this. Fourth, the body of deity which becomes the object of devotedly praying for the child in Jeju, has a form of the shamanistic natural body of deity, and also shows the mixed character such as being called as 'Maitreya' or enshrined in the Buddhist temple or becoming the object of rituals by Confucianism, Buddhism, Shamanism. But Shamanism has the dominative central position among those mixed religious forms, in contrast, almost natural religious form of Shamanism has the central position in Mongolia. Fifth, the natural stone is worshiped as the body of deity in both area all, there are some type of natural stone carved with plain human faces and other type of artificial stone statues in Jeju. In case of the Mongolia, there are almost natural stones but a certain particular form of rocks has been worshiped. Also stone (human) statue erected around the grave has the function as the Mother Goddess. There are a few different aspects of the stone body of deity which becomes the object of devotedly praying for the child but it shows essentially similar characteristics.