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원격근무자의 자기효능감에 관한 연구

A Study on the Self-Efficacy of Remote Workers

조봉순|김정훈|서정일
한국인적자원관리학회 (Korean Academy Of Human Resource Management)|2021.09|인적자원관리연구 (Journal of Human Resource Management Research)|제28권 제3호|pp. 1-28

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참고문헌

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자기효능감COVID-19코로나-19self-efficacy원격근무상사 신뢰remote worktrust in supervisor
주제분류경영학

초록

최근 코로나-19(COVID-19)로 인해 원격근무의 중요성이 강조되고 있는 상황에서 본 연구는 원격근무 상황에서 자기효능감의 역할에 대해 살펴보았다. Bandura(1986)의 자기효능감에 영향을 주는 4대 요인과 Staples et al.(1999)의 가상조직 기반에서의 자기효능감의 선행요인에 관한 연구를 활용하여 연구모형을 설정하였으며, 자기효능감의 선행 변수로는 원격근무에 대한 직접경험, 상사의 원격근무 관찰 경험, IT 변화 두려움, 상사의 코칭을 설정하였다. 또한, 상사의 코칭을 통한 언어적 설득이 자기효능감에 영향을 주는 과정에서 상사 신뢰의 조절효과에 대하여 검증을 하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 원격근무 경험이 있는 근로자 463명의 설문응답 결과를 분석 자료로 활용하였다. 연구 결과는 원격근무에 대한 직접경험과 상사의 코칭을 통한 언어적 설득은 자기효능감을 높이는 정(+)의 영향을, IT 변화 두려움은 자기효능감을 낮추는 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 상사 신뢰가 높은 집단은 상사 신뢰가 낮은 집단에 비하여 상사의 코칭이 자기효능감에 미치는 효과가 더 강한 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 4차 산업 환경과 코로나-19의 시대적 상황을 반영한 원격근무와 자기효능감에 대한 연구를 통하여 원격근무에 대한 직접 경험이 자기효능감에 영향을 주는 주요한 변수임을 확인하였다.

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic has affected every part of our daily lives and also business landscape. In firms, the adoption of remote work system has been sharply increasing and therefore it becomes important to understand how firms can effectively design and manage remote work system. In response to the increasing needs for research on remote work system, this study examined the role of self-efficacy in remote work environment. On the basis of Bandura(1986)’ 4-factor model of self-efficacy and Staples et al. (1999)'s study on the the self-efficacy in virtual organization, this study defined remote work experience, observation of supervisor’s remote work experience, fear of IT change, and supervisor coaching as the antecedents of self-efficacy in remote work environment. In addition, we examined whether trust in supervisor affects the relationship between supervisor coaching and self-efficacy. Using survey data we obtained from 463 workers who have remote work experiences, we found that remote work experience and supervisor coaching have a positive effect on self-efficacy, while fear of IT change has a negative effect on self-efficacy. We also found that the positive effect of supervisor coaching on self-efficacy becomes greater when workers have a trust in supervisor. This study confirmed that worker’s own remote work experience is the major determinant of self-efficacy in remote work environment. This study also found that supervisor’s role is very important in developing workers’ self-efficacy by exhibiting role behavior, giving coaching, and building supervisor- worker trust.

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