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변화지향 리더십 행동이 창의성에 미치는 영향 - 구성원 정치적 기술의 조절효과를 중심으로 -

Change-Oriented Leadership Behavior and Creativity - The Moderating Effect of Employees' Political Skill -

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

무한경쟁 및 기술의 혁신적 진보, 그리고 세계적인 경기부진은 창조경제ㆍ창조경영을 시대적 화두로 만들었다. 그에 따라 많은 조직들이 생존과 번영을 위해 변화와 혁신에 주력하고 있는데, 성공적인 변화와 혁신이 무엇보다도 구성원의 창의성에 뿌리를 둔다는 점에서 경영진들은 구성원의 창의성 증진을 위해 그 어느 때보다도 고군분투하고 있다. 그런데 다수의 연구들에 의하면 리더십은 가장 효과적인 창의성의 결정요인 중 하나이며, 그 중에서도 변화와 혁신에 초점을 둔 변화지향 리더십 행동은 효과적인 리더십 행동 구성요소 중 하나이자 창의성에 보다 직접적인 것으로 제시되어 왔다. 그럼에도 불구하고 변화지향 리더십 행동에 대한 선행연구는 제한적이며, 특히 변화지향 리더십 행동과 창의성 간의 관계를 조절하는 변수에 대한 관심은 더욱 미흡하다. 본 연구는 이런 한계를 보완하고자 다음의 두 가지 연구목적을 가지고 수행되었다. 첫째, 사회학습이론과 심리적 분위기 이론을 기반으로 변화지향 리더십 행동이 구성원의 창의성에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 통해 변화지향 리더십 행동과 창의성 간의 관계에 대한 기존연구 결과를 공고히 하고, 경영진으로 하여금 구성원의 창의성 증진을 위해 무엇보다도 현장의 리더십에 관심을 두어야 한다는 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 둘째, 리더십 대체이론의 관점에서 변화지향 리더십 행동과 창의성 간의 관계에 있어서 구성원의 정치적 기술의 조절효과를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 변화지향 리더십 행동과 창의성 간의 역학관계에 대한 이해를 넓히고, 인재선발 및 교육훈련에 있어 구성원의 어떤 역량에 집중해야 하는지에 대한 실무적인 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 군 간부 리더-부하 199쌍에서 수집된 자료를 토대로 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 변화지향 리더십 행동은 구성원의 창의성과 정(+)적 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 변화지향 리더십 행동과 정치적 기술의 상호작용을 확인한 결과, 구성원의 정치적 기술이 높은 경우에는 변화지향 리더십 행동과 창의성 간의 정적관계가 유의한 반면, 정치적 기술이 낮은 집단에서는 유의성이 확인되지 않았다. 이는 변화지향 리더십 행동이 창의성에 정(+)적 영향을 미친다는 선행연구를 지지하는 것이며, 나아가 구성원의 정치적 기술에 따라 창의성에 미치는 변화지향 리더십 행동의 영향력이 달라질 수 있다는 것을 의미하는 것이다. 연구의 말미에 시사점, 한계 및 향후 연구방향에 대해 논하였다.

Abstract

Unlimited competition, technological innovation, and world wide economic stagnation have made creative economy and creative management a central topic of this decade. Therefore, many groups have been putting their efforts into change and innovation in the pursuit of their survival and prosperity. Boards of directors are undertaking a greater effort to develop their employees' creativity because successful change and innovation have been regarded as results of the creativity of employees. According to many studies, leadership is one of the most effective antecedents for employees' performance including creativity. In particular, most theories and research on effective leadership behavior involve three broadly defined behaviors (task-, relations-, and change-oriented leadership behavior). Each of the three-meta-categories has a different primary purpose. For instance, task-oriented behavior is primarily concerned with accomplishing the task in an efficient and reliable way. Relations-oriented behavior is primarily concerned with increasing mutual trust, cooperation, and identification with the organization. Finally, change-oriented behavior is primarily concerned with understanding the environment, finding innovative ways to adapt to it, and implementing major changes in strategies, products, or processes. In particular, verification that change-oriented behavior is a distinct and meaningful meta-category extended the earlier research and provided important insights about effective leadership. Also, change-oriented leadership behavior, focusing on change and innovation, has been cited as an effective leadership behavioral factor and a direct factor in creativity development. However, previous studies about change-oriented leadership behavior have not been deeply conducted, and particularly studies on variables between change-oriented leadership behavior and creativity have left sometimes to be desired. This study was conducted to cover this limitation, and it has two following purposes. First, it finds answers as to how change-oriented leadership behavior can influence an employees' creativity, based on social learning theory and psychological climate theory. It will enhance previous studies of the relationship between change-oriented leadership behavior and creativity, and it will also provide the boards of directors a catalyst as to why they have to focus on field leadership in order to develop their employees' creativity. Second, based on leadership replacement theory, it will examine the moderating effect of employees' political skill with respect to the relationship between change-oriented leadership behavior and creativity. This will help to further illuminate the relationship between change-oriented leadership behavior and creativity, and it will also provide practical implications for what factors the board of directors need to focus on in terms of talent selection, education, and training systems. From the sample of 199 leader-subordinates dyads in the Republic of Korea Army, the results show that leader’s change-oriented behavior has a positive effect on employees' creativity. In addition, employees' political skill moderates the positive relationship between change-oriented leadership behavior and creativity, such that the positive relationship is stronger when the level of political skill is high than when the level of political skill is low. These results indicate that leader’s change-oriented behavior is an important antecedent to have an impact on employees' creativity and employees' political skill influences that impact. Based on these results, implications, limitations, and future directions of study were discussed.

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