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내가 지칠 수 없는 이유 - 직무과부하, 에너지, 그리고 과업성과 간의 관계에서 목표성향의 조절효과 -

The Reason I Can’t Get Tired - The Moderating Effect of Goal Orientation in the Relationship Between Work Overload, the Feeling of Energy, and Task Performance -

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

오늘날 일터에서 직장인들이 직무과부하를 겪는 현상은 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 하지만 최근 들어 사회적으로 일-생활 균형을 중요시하는 가치관이 보편화되고 혁신과 창의성이 지속가능한 기업의 핵심 역량으로 대두되면서, 직무과부하의 부정적 영향력을 설명하고 바람직한 조직 관리를 위한 시사점을 도출해야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 직무요구-자원모델과 자기조절이론, 그리고 인지적-에너제틱 프레임웍을 기반으로 직무과부하가 과업성과에 미치는 영향을 고찰하고 그 경계 요건을 제시하는 목적을 수행하였다. 한국 대기업 종사자 206명을 대상으로 수집한 설문 데이터를 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 연구 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 직무과부하는 에너지 감소를 통해 과업성과를 저하시키는 간접효과를 가지고 있었다. 둘째, 개인의 성과증명성향은 직무과부하와 에너지 감소 간의 관계를 조절하였다. 구체적으로 성과증명성향이 높을수록 직무과부하가 에너지에 미치는 부정적 영향력이 약화되었다. 셋째, 성과증명성향이 ‘직무과부하→에너지→과업성과’의 관계를 조절하는 조절된 매개효과를 검증하였다. 성과증명성향이 낮을 때에는 직무과부하가 에너지 감소를 통해 과업성과를 저하시키는 간접효과가 유의하였으나, 성과증명성향이 높을 때에는 이러한 간접효과가 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구는 직무과부하와 과업성과 간의 관계를 설명하는 통합적 메커니즘을 제시하였다는 점에서 이론적 공헌이 있으며, 직무과부하 상황에서 개인 조직구성원과 조직 차원에서의 에너지 관리의 필요성, 그리고 창의성과 혁신을 중요시하는 현대 조직에서 직무과부하에 대한 관리 등의 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다는 의의가 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1) to examine the effect of work overload on task performance based on the job demands-resources model; and 2) to present the boundary conditions for this relationship based on the self-regulation theory and cognitive-energetic framework. According to the survey data of 206 employees from a sample of large Korean companies, the following research results were obtained. First, work overload had an indirect effect of lowering task performance through energy reduction. Second, the individual’s performance-proven orientation moderated the relationship between work overload and energy reduction. More specifically, the higher the performance-proven orientation, the weaker the negative influence of work overload on energy. Moreover, when performance-proven orientation was low, the indirect effect of reducing task performance through energy reduction was significant. Conversely, when performance-prove orientation was high, this indirect effect was not significant. As for this study’s theoretical contribution, it presents an integrated mechanism to explain the relationship between work overload and task performance. Regarding its practical implications, it highlights the importance of managing work overload in modern organizations, especially those that value ​​creativity and innovation, and indicates the need to focus on energy management at the individual and organizational levels.

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