InVEST모델을 이용한 생태계서비스의 가치 평가 - 구상나무 분포지를 대상으로 -
Evaluation of Ecosystem Service for Distribution of Korean fir using InVEST Model
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본 연구는 구상나무(Abies koreana) 분포지를 대상으로 AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)기법을 적용한 InVEST모델을 사용하여 서식처 질 분석과 탄소고정량 추정을 통한 경제적 가치 평가를 하였다. 구상나무는 국내 고유종으로 장차 국가의 생물 주권 확립에 따라 핵심요소로 작용하고 있음에 따라 구상나무의 보존을 위해 연구대상지를 구상나무의 분포지인 한라산, 지리산, 소백산국립공원으로 선정하였다. InVEST모델 선행연구에서 시사한 한계점인 국내 입력자료가 없어 해외문헌의 값을 차용하여 정확성이떨어지는 부분을 보완하기 위해 AHP기법을 적용하여 입력자료로 하였으며, 시나리오 분석을 위해 1980, 1990, 2000년을 기준으로 모델링을 하였다. 결과는 한라산국립공원이 가장 큰 서식처 질의 변화양상을 보였으며, 1980년은 0.96±0.14, 1990년은0.97±0.14, 2000년은 0.94±0.17로 감소하는 것으로 도출되었다. 소백산국립공원의 구상나무의 분포지인 아고산지대의 변화가 가장 큰 곳으로, 서식처 질은 0.98, 0.98, 0.97로 감소하였다. 연구대상지 중 지리산국립공원의 서식처 질은 0.98, 0.99, 0.99로 가장 잘 보존된 곳으로 도출되었다. 그리고 경제적 가치환산 결과, 한라산은 1,928만 달러 손실, 소백산은 803만 달러 손실로 추정되었다. 결과적으로 국내 고유종인 구상나무가 제공하는 생태계서비스의 서식처 질과 경제적 가치추정을 통해정량적인 값을 도출하였다. 생태계서비스 모델로 특정지역의 서식처 질 분석을 통한 정성적인 변화와 경제적 가치 환산을 통한 정량적인 값의 제시가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 생태계서비스의 가치를 평가를통해 보존지역의 개발과 같은 외부요인으로부터의 변화예측을 통한 객관적인 평가로 지속가능한 자연자원의 이용과 생태계 보전을 증진하는 방향으로 유도할 수 있는 방안으로 적용이 가능하다고 사료된다.
Abstract
The present study was conducted to analyze the quality of the habitats of Abies koreana WILS. by using the InVEST model based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique and to evaluate the economic value by estimating the carbon fixation. Abies koreana WILS., an original biological species of South Korea, may be an essential element in establishing the national biological sovereignty in the future. The subjects of the present study were the national parks in Mt. Halla, Mt. Jiri, and Mt. Sobaek, which are the habitats of Abies koreana WILS. As suggested by previous studies as a limitation of the InVEST model, the utilization of the data from relevant international publications as the input data, due to the lack of the domestic input data, may decrease the accuracy of the modeling. Therefore, the AHP technique was applied for the input data. The modeling was performed with reference to the years of 1980, 1990, and 2000 for the scenario analysis. The result of the modeling showed that the habitat quality was changed most in the national park in Mt. Halla, as the habitat quality score was decreased from 0.96 in 1980 to 0.97 in 1990 and 0.94 in 2000. In the national part of Mt. Sobeak, the habitat quality was changed most in the sub-alpine zone, as the habitat quality score was decreased from 0.98 in 1980 and 0.98 in 1990 to 0.97 in 2000. The habitat quality was best conserved in the national part in Mt. Jiri, as the habitat quality score was 0.98 in 1980, 0.99 in 1990, and 0.99 in 2000. The estimated economic loss by the change of the habitat quality was 19,280,000 USD for Mt. Halla and 8,030,000 USD for Mt. Sobeak. In the present study, the habitat quality of the Abies koreana WILS, the original species of South Korea, was evaluated and the economic value of the ecological services provided by the habitats was estimated quantitatively. The result showed that the ecosystem service model may be used to qualitatively analyze the quality of a habitat located in a specific region and to estimate the economic value quantitatively. The objective evaluation of ecosystem services demonstrated in the present study may be applied to promote sustainable utilization of natural resources and conservation of the ecosystem by predicting the changes that may be caused by external factors including the development of preservation areas.
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