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Toni Morrison’s Eco-feministic Perspectives

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This study aims to discuss Toni Morrison’s eco-feministic perspectives in Sula. Morrison focuses on woman’s physical connection with the natural principle as a result of her rhythm and cycle, as eco-feminists do. More specifically, she shows that nature interacts with women’s bodily processes through mutual ecological relations. This tendency of Morrison’s eco-feministic perspectives also shows that she takes a subversive attitude against the rational idea and absolute value of the male-dominated society. It is in this context that Morrison criticizes the male-dominated society, for she sees it as a epicenter which emphasizes the conceptual linkage between women and animals, women and the body, or women and nature, and considers these categories as inferiorities. Therefore, Morrison reflects her subversive attitude against the male-dominated society on Sula’s sensual self. Sula is characterized on the basis of the connection between sexual behaviors and natural cycles. Her sexuality of this kind drives her community people to erotophobia and reduces their moral code to a unnecessary device. Sula doesn’t care about the moral code that puts a taboo on a black woman’s sex with a white man and with her old friend’s husband. And her violation of the moral code reflects Morrison’s subversive attitude against the anti-ecofeministic values of the male-dominated society.

Abstract

This study aims to discuss Toni Morrison’s eco-feministic perspectives in Sula. Morrison focuses on woman’s physical connection with the natural principle as a result of her rhythm and cycle, as eco-feminists do. More specifically, she shows that nature interacts with women’s bodily processes through mutual ecological relations. This tendency of Morrison’s eco-feministic perspectives also shows that she takes a subversive attitude against the rational idea and absolute value of the male-dominated society. It is in this context that Morrison criticizes the male-dominated society, for she sees it as a epicenter which emphasizes the conceptual linkage between women and animals, women and the body, or women and nature, and considers these categories as inferiorities. Therefore, Morrison reflects her subversive attitude against the male-dominated society on Sula’s sensual self. Sula is characterized on the basis of the connection between sexual behaviors and natural cycles. Her sexuality of this kind drives her community people to erotophobia and reduces their moral code to a unnecessary device. Sula doesn’t care about the moral code that puts a taboo on a black woman’s sex with a white man and with her old friend’s husband. And her violation of the moral code reflects Morrison’s subversive attitude against the anti-ecofeministic values of the male-dominated society.

참고문헌 (23)

  1. Bakerman, Jane, "The Seams Can’t Show: An Interview with Toni Morrison in Conversations with Toni Morrison", pp.30~42 (1994), UP of Mississippi
  2. Bergenholtz, Rita A, "Toni Morrison’s Sula: A Satire on Binary Thinking", African American Review, 30(1), pp.89~99 (1996)
  3. Christian, Barbara, "Black Feminist Criticism: Perspectives on Black Women Writers" (1985), Pergamon
  4. Collins, Patricia H, "Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment: Perspectives on gender, vol l.2" (1991), Routledge
  5. Dowelling, Collette, "The Song of Toni Morrison in Conversations with Toni Morrison", pp.48~56 (1994), UP of Mississippi
  6. Furman, Jan, "Toni Morrison's Fiction" (1996), U of South Carolina P
  7. Gaard, Greta, "Toward a Queer Ecofeminism in New Perspectives on Environmental Justice: Gender, Sexuality, and Activism", pp.21~44 (2004), Rutgers UP
  8. Gardner, Catherine Villanueva, "An Ecofeminist Perspective on the Urban Environment in The Nature of Cities", pp.191~212 (1999), Arizona UP
  9. Gillespie, D, "Who Cares? Women-Centered Psychology in Sula in Toni Morrison’s Fiction", pp.61~94 (1997), Garland Publishing
  10. Glotfelty, Cheryll, "Introduction in The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology", pp.15~37 (1996), U of Georgia P
  11. Heinze, Denise, "The Dilemma of “Double-Consciousness”: Toni Morrison’s Novels" (1993), Georgia UP
  12. hooks,bell, "Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism" (1981), South End P
  13. Howarth, William, "Some Principle of Ecocriticism in The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology", pp.69~91 (1996), U of Georgia P
  14. Kanneh, Kadiatu, "Love, Mourning and Metaphor in New Feminist Discourses", pp.135~153 (1992), Routledge
  15. Koenen, Anne, "The One Out of Sequence in Conversations with Toni Morrison", pp.67~83 (1994), UP of Mississippi
  16. Leclair, Thomas, "The Language Must Not Sweat. A Conversation with Toni Morrison in Conversations with Toni Morrison", pp.119~128 (1994), UP of Mississippi
  17. Manes, Christoper, "Nature and Silence in The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology", pp.16~29 (1996), Georgia UP
  18. McDowell, Deborah E, "The Self and the Other: Reading Toni Morrison’s Sula and the Black Female Text in Critical Essays on Toni Morrison", pp.77~89 (1988), G. K. Hall & Co.
  19. Morrison, Toni, "Playing in the Dark" (1990), Random House
  20. Morrison, Toni, "Sula" (1973), Bantam Books
  21. Norwood, Vera, "Made from this Earth: American Women and Nature" (1993), U of North Carolina P
  22. Parker, Betty J, "Complexity. Toni Morrison’s Women in Conversations with Toni Morrison", pp.60~66 (1994), UP of Mississippi
  23. Stepto, Robert, "Intimate Things in Place: A Conversation Toni Morrison in Conversations with Toni Morrison", pp.10~29 (1994), UP of Mississippi

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