머신러닝 알고리즘을 이용한 포유류 종 풍부도 매핑 구축 연구
Mapping Mammalian Species Richness Using a Machine Learning Algorithm
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초록
생물다양성은 환경영향평가 제도의 목표에 중요한 부문으로, 개발대상지 입지 선정, 주변 환경 파악 및교란으로 인한 생물종 영향 등에서 활용되고 있다. 환경영향평가 분야에서 새로운 기술과 모델을 활용하여 생물다양성을 보다 정확하게 평가하고 예측하는 방안에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 비록 현장, 문헌조사를통한 데이터를 바탕으로 종 풍부도 지수를 평가하고 있으나, 현장 데이터는 시·공간적으로 미흡하므로 고해상도의 종 풍부도 매핑을 통한 기초자료를 활용함으로서, 모니터링 실효성 문제 해결이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제4차 전국자연환경조사 데이터와 환경변수를 바탕으로 Random forest 모델을 활용하여 종 분포모형을 개발하였다. 해당 모델은 24종의 포유류 종 분포 매핑 결과를 species richness index를 활용하여 100m 해상도의 종 풍부도 매핑 결과를 도출하였다. 연구 결과, 종 분포모형은 평균 0.82의 AUC값으로 우수한 예측 정확도를 보였다. 또한, 전국자연환경조사 데이터와 비교결과, 고 해상도의 종 풍부도 매핑 결과의 종 풍부도 분포는 정규분포의 형태를 가지고 있어 환경영향평가에서의 기초자료로 사용함에 있어 신뢰성이 높다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 추후 도시개발과 사업을 함에 있어 생물다양성 평가, 서식지 보전 등에 새로운 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Biodiversity holds significant importance within the framework of environmental impact assessment, being utilized in site selection for development, understanding the surrounding environment, and assessing the impact on species due to disturbances. The field of environmental impact assessment has seen substantial research exploring new technologies and models to evaluate and predict biodiversity more accurately. While current assessments rely on data from fieldwork and literature surveys to gauge species richness indices, limitations in spatial and temporal coverage underscore the need for high-resolution biodiversity assessments through species richness mapping. In this study, leveraging data from the 4th National Ecosystem Survey and environmental variables, we developed a species distribution model using Random Forest. This model yielded mapping results of 24 mammalian species' distribution, utilizing the species richness index to generate a 100-meter resolution map of species richness. The research findings exhibited a notably high predictive accuracy, with the species distribution model demonstrating an average AUC value of 0.82. In addition, the comparison with National Ecosystem Survey data reveals that the species richness distribution in the high-resolution species richness mapping results conforms to a normal distribution. Hence, it stands as highly reliable foundational data for environmental impact assessment. Such research and analytical outcomes could serve as pivotal new reference materials for future urban development projects, offering insights for biodiversity assessment and habitat preservation endeavors.
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