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Post-American World에서 미국 예외주의의 다양성

Varieties of American Exceptionalism in the Post-American World

이신화|이수진
한국아메리카학회 (The American Studies Association Of Korea)|2020.12|미국학 논집 (Journal of American Studies)|제52권 제3호|pp. 61-90

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키워드

역외균형American exceptionalism협력안보offshore balancing미국 예외주의cooperative security미국 후 세계우세전략Post-American Worldprimacy strategy
주제분류영어와문학

초록

이 글은 오바마 독트린에 대한 워싱턴 외교안보 엘리트들의 비판과 이들에 의한 제약이 바이든 행정부에 어떠한 의미를 갖는지 파악하고 국제정치적 의미를 도출한다. 다극체제가 가시화되고 끝없는 테러와의 전쟁이 계속되는 시기에 출범한 오바마 행정부는 패권전략과 역외균형 전략을 절충한 선택적 관여 독트린을 실행하였다. 하지만 냉전기 이래 미국이 줄곧 고수해온 패권전략을 탈피하려던 오바마 독트린은 워싱턴의 기성 정치세력으로부터 미국 예외주의를 잠식시켰다는 비판 속에 좌절되었다. 본문에서는 비교정치학 관점에서 미국 예외주의를 규정하는 본질적인 특징을 발견하고 ‘미국 예외주의의 다양성’이라는 개념을 소개한다. 그리고 미국 예외주의와 대전략 간 관계를 고찰하여 미국의 대전략 논쟁 속에 오바마 독트린을 위치시킨다. 그리하여 오바마 독트린은 미국 후 세계(post-American World)라는 다극체제에 대비해 미국 예외주의를 실현하는 새로운 양식이었다고 주장한다. 나아가 오바마 1기의 국가안보전략서와 바이든의 선거공약을 비교하여, 바이든 행정부는 내치를 강화하는 오바마 독트린을 계승하면서 오바마 독트린의 실패를 반면교사 삼고 있다고 평가한다. 바이든 행정부는 워싱턴 외교안보 엘리트들의 비판을 감내하면서, 미국 후 세계에서 어떻게 ‘새로운 미국 예외주의’를 담론화할지를 모색하고 있다.

Abstract

President-elect Joe Biden will likely build upon Obama’s ‘leading-from-behind’ Doctrine. This paper attempts to understand whether the Biden administration will succeed, given that both the Democrats and Republicans criticized Obama’s Doctrine for eroding American exceptionalism. Prior to addressing the relationship between American exceptionalism and grand strategy, this paper identifies the defining characters of American exceptionalism and introduces the concept of ‘varieties of American exceptionalism.󰡑Second, this paper situates Obama’s Doctrine in the debate over U.S. grand strategy and asserts that Obama’s Doctrine promotes an evolving modus vivendi of American exceptionalism. By comparing Obama’s Doctrine with Biden’s election pledges, this paper concludes that Biden’s team can learn from Obama on how to navigate new American exceptionalim in the post-American world.

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