현대중국어 이중부정의 구성방식 및 화용효과

Abstract

This paper first determines the category of double negation forms, and conducts overall analysis on six double negation forms in modern Chinese, ‘不+不’, ‘不+没(有)’, ‘没(有)+不’, ‘没(有)+不是’, ‘不是+不’, and ‘不是+没(有)’ in terms of their construction methods, meanings, and pragmatic strategies. The results of analysis are as follows: 1. In the six types of double negation, meanings and grammar are closely connected with each other, and each negation marker varies in functions according to double negation constructions of different forms. First, ‘不’ can perform the function of [+negation] [+wish/possibility] when an auxiliary verb is followed, and all functions related to the non-aspect of ‘不’ when a verb (motion, state, change verbs) is followed. 没(有)’ mostly performs the function of negating ownership or existence in the form of [+negation][+有] in any double negation form. Sometimes it proceeds with the negation of situation in case that a verb appears after ‘没(有).’ ‘‘不是’ performs the functions of focus emphasis, refutation, predicate negation, and the denial of a listener's assumption, in front of a negative marker. It was found that when ‘不是’ followed a negation marker, the function of [+negation][+focus] was most. 2. All of the six types of double negation forms are implemented in the form of {Neg1[Neg2 ……]……}, and Neg1 of any of ‘不’, ‘没有’, and ‘不是’ is a clause negation marker, and negates all constituents that follow it. Neg2 may represent either predicate negation or local negation; in case that Neg2 is a predicate negation marker, it negates all constituents that follows it, and in case that it is a local negation marker, it negates an adjective that follows it. In addition, the negation focus of Neg1 is Neg2, and the negation focus of Neg2 is a following constituent, that is, a noun (phrase), a verb (phrase) or an adjective. 3. It was found that the double negation of the six forms are selected according to the speaker's intentions and utterance (sentence) environments, and also shows differences in delivered implications. The biggest reason for using the double negation structure is to deliver special dialog connotation-euphemism, unavoidability, refutation, denial, and emphasis, and it can be seen that the pragmatic strategy of face-saving strategy related to the principle of cooperation and the principle of politeness works in a series of these processes, and consequently the goal of guaranteeing smooth dialog is achieved, while saving the speaker's or the listener's face.