Different Cosmetic Habits Can Affect the Biophysical Profile of Facial Skin: A Study of Korean and Chinese Women
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: Previous studies on the age-, climate, and skin care habit-related changes of biophysical parameters have mainly focused on Caucasians, and studies on Asians are in paucity. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the variations of cutaneous biophysical parameters in Chinese and Korean women (northeast Asians) and to assess the association between those parameters and age, climate, and cosmetic habits. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 361 healthy Chinese and Korean women between 18 and 49 years of age in 4 cities (Guangzhou, Nanjing, and Shijiazhuang in China, and Suwon in Korea). We measured skin surface temperature, hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum, elasticity, skin pore, wrinkle, and skin tone (brightness) using non-invasive instruments. Demographic profiles and cosmetic habits were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: Skin elasticity and tone decreased, and pore size and wrinkle increased with age. Subjects in Suwon (Korean) showed higher hydration level, lower TEWL and lower sebum, less severe wrinkle and brighter skin than those in the 3 cities in China. After adjusting for age and region, using sunscreen everyday, wearing base makeup daily, and using moisturizers improved hydration, TEWL, and elasticity significantly. Conclusion: Women in Suwon (Korea) were found to have a better profile of biophysical parameters than women in the 3 Chinese cities, which might be attributed to cosmetic habits, besides age and climatic factors. The fact that appropriate cosmetic habits are associated with favorable skin biophysical parameters underscores the importance of daily skin care routine in preserving skin functions.
Abstract
Background: Previous studies on the age-, climate, and skin care habit-related changes of biophysical parameters have mainly focused on Caucasians, and studies on Asians are in paucity. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the variations of cutaneous biophysical parameters in Chinese and Korean women (northeast Asians) and to assess the association between those parameters and age, climate, and cosmetic habits. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 361 healthy Chinese and Korean women between 18 and 49 years of age in 4 cities (Guangzhou, Nanjing, and Shijiazhuang in China, and Suwon in Korea). We measured skin surface temperature, hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum, elasticity, skin pore, wrinkle, and skin tone (brightness) using non-invasive instruments. Demographic profiles and cosmetic habits were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: Skin elasticity and tone decreased, and pore size and wrinkle increased with age. Subjects in Suwon (Korean) showed higher hydration level, lower TEWL and lower sebum, less severe wrinkle and brighter skin than those in the 3 cities in China. After adjusting for age and region, using sunscreen everyday, wearing base makeup daily, and using moisturizers improved hydration, TEWL, and elasticity significantly. Conclusion: Women in Suwon (Korea) were found to have a better profile of biophysical parameters than women in the 3 Chinese cities, which might be attributed to cosmetic habits, besides age and climatic factors. The fact that appropriate cosmetic habits are associated with favorable skin biophysical parameters underscores the importance of daily skin care routine in preserving skin functions.
참고문헌 (32)
- Firooz A, "Daytime changes of skin biophysical characteristics : a study of hydration, transepidermal water loss, pH, sebum, elasticity, erythema, and color index on middle eastern skin", Indian J Dermatol, 61, pp.700~ (2016)
- Hadi H, "The investigation of the skin biophysical measurements focusing on daily activities, skin care habits, and gender differences", Skin Res Technol, 22, pp.247~254 (2016)
- Boer M, "Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function", Postepy Dermatol Alergol, 33, pp.1~5 (2016)
- Baek JH, "Relationship between clinical features of facial dry skin and biophysical parameters in Asians", Int J Cosmet Sci, 33, pp.222~227 (2011)
- Firooz A, "Variation of biophysical parameters of the skin with age, gender, and body region", ScientificWorldJournal, 2012, pp.386936~ (2012)
- Man MQ, "Variation of skin surface pH, sebum content and stratum corneum hydration with age and gender in a large Chinese population", Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 22, pp.190~199 (2009)
- Wilhelm KP, "Skin aging. Effect on transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH, and casual sebum content", Arch Dermatol, 127, pp.1806~1809 (1991)
- Wendling PA, "Skin biophysical properties of a population living in Valais, Switzerland", Skin Res Technol, 9, pp.331~338 (2003)
- Mayes AE, "Ageing appearance in China : biophysical profile of facial skin and its relationship to perceived age", J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 24, pp.341~348 (2010)
- Marrakchi S, "Biophysical parameters of skin : map of human face, regional, and age-related differences", Contact Dermatitis, 57, pp.28~34 (2007)
- Ohta H, "Relationship between dermato-physiological changes and hormonal status in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women", Maturitas, 30, pp.55~62 (1998)
- Zouboulis CC, "Chronological ageing and photoageing of the human sebaceous gland", Clin Exp Dermatol, 26, pp.600~607 (2001)
- Lee MR, "Comparison of the skin biophysical parameters of Southeast Asia females : forehead-cheek and ethnic groups", J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 27, pp.1521~1526 (2013)
- Nouveau-Richard S, "A pilot study", J Dermatol Sci, 40, pp.187~193 (2005)
- Akazaki S, "Age-related changes in skin wrinkles assessed by a novel three-dimensional morphometric analysis", Br J Dermatol, 147, pp.689~695 (2002)
- Wan MJ, "Seasonal variability in the biophysical properties of forehead skin in women in Guangzhou City, China", Int J Dermatol, 54, pp.1319~1324 (2015)
- Sun JY, "Automatic facial pore analysis system using multi-scale pore detection", Skin Res Technol, 23, pp.354~362 (2017)
- Bae SH, "The comparison of the melanin content and UV exposure affecting aging process : seven countries in Asia", J Cosmet Dermatol, 15, pp.335~342 (2016)
- Song EJ, "A study on seasonal variation of skin parameters in Korean males", Int J Cosmet Sci, 37, pp.92~97 (2015)
- Kim HK, "Effects of radiofrequency, electroacupuncture, and low-level laser therapy on the wrinkles and moisture content of the forehead, eyes, and cheek", J Phys Ther Sci, 29, pp.290~294 (2017)
- Brajkovic D, "Facial cold-induced vasodilation and skin temperature during exposure to cold wind", Eur J Appl Physiol, 96, pp.711~721 (2006)
- LeBlanc J, "Effects of temperature and wind on facial temperature, heart rate, and sensation", J Appl Physiol, 40, pp.127~131 (1976)
- Darlenski R, "Influence of skin type, race, sex, and anatomic location on epidermal barrier function", Clin Dermatol, 30, pp.269~273 (2012)
- Parente ME, "Sensory characterization of emollients", J Sens Stud, 23, pp.149~161 (2008)
- Pinnagoda J, "Guidelines for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement. A report from the Standardization Group of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis", Contact Dermatitis, 22, pp.164~178 (1990)
- Fluhr JW, "Transepidermal water loss reflects permeability barrier status : validation in human and rodent in vivo and ex vivo models", Exp Dermatol, 15, pp.483~492 (2006)
- Cunliffe WJ, "The effect of local temperature variations on the sebum excretion rate", Br J Dermatol, 83, pp.650~654 (1970)
- Jemec GB, "Hydration and plasticity following long-term use of a moisturizer : a single-blind study", Acta Derm Venereol, 82, pp.322~324 (2002)
- Rosado C, "Assessment of moisturizers and barrier function restoration using dynamic methods", Skin Res Technol, 15, pp.77~83 (2009)
- Kleesz P, "Full-body skin mapping for six biophysical parameters : baseline values at 16 anatomical sites in 125 human subjects", Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 25, pp.25~33 (2012)
- Nouveau-Richard S, "Oily skin : specific features in Chinese women", Skin Res Technol, 13, pp.43~48 (2007)
- Löffler H, "Characteristics of self-estimated enhanced skin susceptibility", Acta Derm Venereol, 81, pp.343~346 (2001)