Cutaneous Photorejuvenation of Light Emitting Diodes via the Melatonin Membrane Receptor Pathway
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Background: Melatonin receptors are present in the human skin and retina. These receptorscan be stimulated by light emitting diodes (LEDs) at specific wavelengths, thereby inducingcutaneous photorejuvenation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the inf luence of LEDs at specific wavelengths on melatonin mem-brane receptor (MT1) and cutaneous photorejuvenation via the MT1 pathway in vitro. Methods: Normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were irradiated using LEDs at differentwavelengths (410~940 nm) at a dose of 1 J/cm2. MT1 activity was evaluated after melatoninstimulation and LED irradiation. Thereafter, the expressions of collagen (COL) and matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs), with and without luzindole (MT1/2 receptor antagonist), wereinvestigated via semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR),real-time PCR, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In HDFs, the MT1 mRNA and protein levels increased significantly in response tomelatonin (dose, 50 nM) (p<0.01) and LED irradiation at 595, 630, 850, and 940 nm (p<0.01). LED irradiation up-regulated COL type I and down-regulated MMP-1. Compared to LEDirradiation without luzindole, LED irradiation with luzindole produced no significant in-crease in COL type I mRNA and protein levels (p< 0 . 01). Conclusion: We found that LED irradiation induces collagen synthesis and MMP-1 inhibi-tion in HDFs via MT1 activation. Additionally, multiple LED wavelengths (595, 630, 850,and 940 nm) stimulated MT1 in HDFs, unlike in the eyes, where only blue light inducedplasma melatonin suppression. This suggests the possibility of the melatoninergic pathwayin photorejuvenation.
Abstract
Background: Melatonin receptors are present in the human skin and retina. These receptorscan be stimulated by light emitting diodes (LEDs) at specific wavelengths, thereby inducingcutaneous photorejuvenation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the inf luence of LEDs at specific wavelengths on melatonin mem-brane receptor (MT1) and cutaneous photorejuvenation via the MT1 pathway in vitro. Methods: Normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were irradiated using LEDs at differentwavelengths (410~940 nm) at a dose of 1 J/cm2. MT1 activity was evaluated after melatoninstimulation and LED irradiation. Thereafter, the expressions of collagen (COL) and matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs), with and without luzindole (MT1/2 receptor antagonist), wereinvestigated via semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR),real-time PCR, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In HDFs, the MT1 mRNA and protein levels increased significantly in response tomelatonin (dose, 50 nM) (p<0.01) and LED irradiation at 595, 630, 850, and 940 nm (p<0.01). LED irradiation up-regulated COL type I and down-regulated MMP-1. Compared to LEDirradiation without luzindole, LED irradiation with luzindole produced no significant in-crease in COL type I mRNA and protein levels (p< 0 . 01). Conclusion: We found that LED irradiation induces collagen synthesis and MMP-1 inhibi-tion in HDFs via MT1 activation. Additionally, multiple LED wavelengths (595, 630, 850,and 940 nm) stimulated MT1 in HDFs, unlike in the eyes, where only blue light inducedplasma melatonin suppression. This suggests the possibility of the melatoninergic pathwayin photorejuvenation.
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