대사공학기술을 이용한 기능성 carotenoids 고 생산 감자의 개발 현황
Development of transgenic potato with high content of functional carotenoids by using metabolic engineering
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초록
감자의 괴경에 비타민 A의 전구물질인 베타 카로텐 또는 항산화활성이 높으나 일반식물에서는 합성되지 않는astaxanthin과 같은 케토형 카로티노이드의 집적을 위한연구가 최근 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 현재까지의 연구결과를 요약하여 보면 β-carotene의 함량이 47 ㎍/g dry weight으로 대조구에 비하여 3,600배 까지 증가한 결과가보고되었다. 또한, 해양 미생물로부터 분리한 β-carotene ketolase 유전자를 도입한 감자의 괴경에서 astaxanthin 등의 케토형 카로티노이드의 함량이 최고 14 ㎍/g dry weight까지 증가하여 감자의 색깔이 붉은 색으로 변하였다고보고하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이들 형질전환 감자의 생산을 위하여 도입한 유전자의 종류, 대사공학적 전략, 문제점 및 향후 연구 방향 등에 관하여 논하고자 하였다.
Abstract
Recently, a number of successful research reports are accumulated to increase the carotenoid level in potato tuber such as β-carotene, precursor of vitamin A and keto-carotenoid like astaxanthin in which is not synthesized in most plants tissue since it does not contain a specific enzyme to add keto-ring in carotenoid molecule. In particular, keto-carotenoids are more interested due to their strong antioxidant activity. Currently, the content of β-carotene was increased up to 3,600-fold (47 ㎍/g dry weight) when compared to the control potato tuber, parental cultivar for genetic modification. In addition,astaxanthin, one of the major keto-carotenoid was accumulated up to 14 ㎍/g dry weight in potato tuber with red color by over expressing the gene encoding β-carotene ketolase isolated from marine microorganisms. In this article, we summarized carotenogenesis-related genes that have been used for metabolic engineering of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in potato. Furthermore, strategies for the accumulation of carotenoids and ketocarotenoids in specific potato tuber, bottle necks, and future works are discussed.
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