고구마 전분 대사공학 연구 동향
Current status on metabolic engineering of starch in sweetpotato
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
초록
전분은 에너지원 일뿐만 아니라 친환경 대체 연료이 다. 전분 생합성과 이 과정에 관여하는 유전자들에 관한 연구는 기능이 향상된 새로운 전분의 생성을 가능하게 한다. 전분은 선형의 아밀로스와 가지형의 아밀로펙틴으 로 이루어져 있으며 이들의 비율에 의해 전분의 성질이 결정된다. 따라서 전분생성과 분해에 관여하는 유전자들 을 이용하여 전분구조를 변화시킬 수 있다. 이 논문에서 는 고구마를 중심으로 전분대사공학에 관한 최근의 연구 동향을 살펴보았다. 고구마는 중요한 식량작물이면서 대 표적인 뿌리 전분작물이다. 연구팀에서는 고구마 전분에 서 아밀로스 함량을 다양하게 변형시키고자 아밀로스 생 합성에 관여하는 granule bound starch synthase I 유전자를 과발현시키거나 아밀로펙틴 생합성에 관여하는 starch branching enzyme 또는 isoamylase 유전자 발현을 억제하 는 RNAi 벡터를 각각 제작하였다. 현재 아그로박테리움 을 매개로 한 형질전환 방법으로 고구마 (cv. 율미) 배발 생캘러스를 이용하여 형질전환하고 있으며 앞으로 새로 운 형태의 전분을 가진 형질전환 고구마를 개발할 수 있 을 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
Starch serves not only as an energy source for plants, animals, and humans but also as an environmentally friendly alternative for fossil fuels. Progress in understanding of starch biosynthesis, and the isolation of many genes involved in this process have enabled the genetic modification of crops in a rational manner to produce novel starches with improved functionality. Starch is composed of two glucose polymers, amylose and amylopectin. The amylose and amylopectin ratio in starch affects its physical and physicochemical properties. Alteration in starch structure can be achieved by modifying genes encoding the enzymes responsible for starch biosynthesis and starch hydrolysis. Here, we describe recent findings concerning the starch modification in sweetpotato. Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] ranks seventh in annual production among food crops in the world as an important starch source. To develop transgenic sweetpotato plants with modifying starch composition, we constructed transformation vectors overexpressing granule bound starch synthase I and inhibiting amylopectin synthesis genes such as starch branching enzyme and isoamylase under the control of 35S promoter, respectively. Transformation of sweetpotato (cv. Yulmi) is in progress.
참고문헌 (33)
- Chiang CM, "Expression of a bi-functional and thermostable amylopullulanase in transgenic rice deeds leads to autohydrolysis and altered composition of starch", Mol Breeding, 15, pp.125~143 (2005)
- Edwards A, "A combined reduction in activity of starch synthase II and III of potato has novel effects on the starch of tubers", Plant J, 17, pp.251~261 (1999)
- Edwards A, "Biochemical and molecular characterization of a novel starch synthase from potato tubers", Plant J, 8, pp.283~294 (1995)
- Hanashiro I, "Granule-bound starch synthase I is responsible for biosynthesis of extra-long unit chains of amylopectin in rice", Plant Cell Physiol, 49, pp.925~933 (2008)
- Itoh K, "Introduction of Wx transgene into rice wx mutants leads to both high- and low- amylose rice", Plant Cell Physiol, 44, pp.473~480 (2003)
- Jobling SA, "Improving starch for food and industrial applications", Current Opinion in Plant Biol, 7, pp.210~218 (2004)
- Jobling SA, "Immunomodulation of enzyme function in plants by single-domain antibody fragments", Nat Biotechnol, 21, pp.77~80 (2003)
- Jobling SA, "A minor form of starch branching enzyme in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers has a major effect on starch structure: cloning and characterization of multiple forms of SBE A", Plant J, 18, pp.163~171 (1999)
- Jobling SA, "Production of a freeze-thaw-stable potato starch by antisense inhibition of three starch synthase genes", Nat Biotechnol, 20, pp.295~299 (2002)
- Kim YH, "Expression of Arabidopsis NDPK2 increases antioxidant activities and enhances tolerance to multiple environmental stresses in transgenic sweetpotato plants", Mol Breeding, 24, pp.233~244 (2009)
- following the introduction of granule-bound starch synthase I cDNA, "Plant Cell Rep", 2001, 663~666
- Kitahara K, "Physiochemical properties of amylose-free and high-amylose starches from transgenic sweetpotato modified by RNA interference", Carbohydrate Polymers, 69, pp.233~240 (2007)
- 권은정, "체새포배발생을 통한 국내 주요 고구마 품종의 식물체 재분화", Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 29(3), pp.189~192 (2002), 한국식물생명공학회
- Lim S, "Enhanced tolerance of transgenic sweetpotato plants that express both CuZnSOD and APX in chloroplasts to methyl viologen-mediated oxidative stress and chilling", Mol Breeding, 19, pp.227~239 (2007)
- 임순, "Agrobacterium 매개에 의한 고구마 형질전환 및 식물체 재분화", Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 31(4), pp.267~271 (2004), 한국식물생명공학회
- Lin KH, "Generation and analyses of the transgenic potatoes expressing heterologous thermostable β-amylase", Plant Sci, 174, pp.649~657 (2008)
- Marshall J, "Identification of the major starch synthase in the soluble fraction of potato tubers", Plant Cell, 8, pp.1121~1135 (1996)
- 유장렬, "고구마에서 ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Small Subunit cDNA의 Antisense 발현에 의한 전분생합성 저해", Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 34(4), pp.277~283 (2007), 한국식물생명공학회
- Morell MK, "Barley sex6 mutants lack starch synthase IIa activity and contain a starch with novel properties", Plant J, 34, pp.173~185 (2003)
- Murashige T, "A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures", Physiol Plant, 15, pp.473~497 (1962)
- Noda T, "Physiochemical properties of amylose-free starch from transgenic sweetpotato", Carbohydr Polym, 49, pp.253~260 (2002)
- Otani M, "Inhibition of the gene expression for granule-bound starch synthase I by RNA interference in sweetpotato plants", Plant Cell Rep, 26, pp.1801~1807 (2007)
- Regierer B, "Starch conent and yield increase as a result of altering adenylate pools in transgenic plants", Nature Biotechnol, 20, pp.1256~1260 (2002)
- Safford R, "Consequences of antisense RNA inhibition of starch branching enzyme activity on properties of potato starch", Carbohyd Polym, 35, pp.155~168 (1998)
- Satoh H, "Starch branching enzyme -1-deficient mutation specifically affects the structure and properties of starch in rice endosperm", Plant Physiol, 133, pp.1111~1121 (2003)
- Schwall GP, "Production of very-high- amylose potato starch by inhibition of SBE A and B", Nat Biotechnol, 18, pp.551~554 (2000)
- Shimada T, "Increase of amylose content of sweetpotato starch by RNA interference of the starch branching enzyme II gene (IbSBEII)", Plant Biotechnol, 23, pp.85~90 (2006)
- Smidansky ED, "Enhanced ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity in wheat endosperm increases seed yield", Proc Natl Acad Sci, 9K, pp.1724~1729 (2002)
- Tanaka M, "Altered carbohydrate metabolism in the storage roots gene, which encodes a Dof zinc finger transcription factor", Planta, ~ (2009)
- Torney F, "Genetic engineering approaches to improve bioethanol production from maize", 18, pp.193~199 (2007)
- Visser RG, "Inhibition of the expression of the gene for granule-bound starch synthase in potato by antisense constructs", Mol Gen Genet, 225, pp.289~296 (1991)
- Wang Z, "Increasing maize seed weight by enhancing the cytoplasmic ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity in transgenic maize plants", Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult, 88, pp.83~92 (2007)
- 양경실, "돼지 유행성 설사병 바이러스의 스파이크 유전자발현 형질전환 고구마", Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 32(4), pp.263~267 (2005), 한국식물생명공학회