근대 미학과 경건주의- 바움가르텐의 『시론』 연구
Modern Aesthetics and Pietism– A Study on Baumgarten’s Reflexions on Poetry
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이 연구의 목표는 근대 미학의 태동이 경건주의와 긴밀하게 관련되어 있음을 밝히는 것이다. 이를 위해 미학이 최초로 요청된 바움가르텐의 『시론』(1735)을 살펴보았다. 이 작품이 나온 시대적 배경으로 ‘라이프치히-취리히 논쟁’과 ‘베르트하임 성경 논란’을 고찰하면서, 이성을 과도하게 강조한 계몽주의 세력과 맞서 싸우는 것이 18세기 초엽 경건주의 진영의 최대 관심사였음을 보였다. 경건주의 세력의 중심도시가 독일 할레였는데, 이곳에서 바움가르텐은 성장했고 교수자격청구논문으로 『시론』을 제출했으므로, 이 논문에 경건주의의 영향이 반영되었으리라고 추정할 수 있다. 『시론』에서 바움가르텐은 시의 요건을 논하면서, 거기서 부각된 ‘감성적 인식’을 전담할 새로운 학문, ‘미학’이 필요함을 이야기했다. 여기서 발견되는 경건주의적 함축으로 (1) 감성적 인식 개념을 통해 인간의 인식능력을 제한한 점, (2) 아이스테시스 개념을 중용하여 진리와 인식 범위를 예술과 실천, 종교 영역으로까지 확대한 점, (3) 이성이 아닌 정서에서 완전성을 찾으려 했다는 점 등이 있다.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to point out that the birth of Modern Aesthetics has a innate relationship with Pietism. For that it examines Baumgarten’s Reflexions on Poetry (1735), in which the Aesthetics was claimed as an academic discipline for the first time. This paper begins with introducing the Leipzig-Zurich debate and the scandal of Wertheim-Bible, which built the historical background of that work by Baumgarten. Thereby it turns out that the chief concernof the Pietists in the early 18th century is to refute the ideas of the Enlightenment. These efforts to find the Pietistic influences in the Reflexions on Poetry are supported by the fact that Baumgarten was raised, studied, and submitted this work as habilitation in Halle, the stronghold of the Pietists. Discussing the requirements of the poetry in the Reflexions on Poetry, Baumgarten demands a new discipline for sensate cognition. Here are found the following points of the Pietistic influences in this work: (1) to set a limit to human cognitive abilities through the concept of ‘sensate cognition’; (2) to enlarge the scope of truth and cognition to the areas of art, the practical and religion with the term ‘aisthesis’; (3) to place the concept ‘perfection’ not in rationality, but in affects.
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