직장인에서 작업특성 및 직무스트레스가 건강행태에 미치는 영향
Job Characteristics and Occupational Stress on Health Behavior in Korean Workers
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참고문헌
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초록
연구배경: 본 연구는 한국인 근로자에서 어떠한 작업특성이나 직무스트레스가 음주, 흡연 및 운동 등의 건강행태와 더 높은 관련성을 보이는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 2005년 4월부터 10월까지 근로자 8,522명(남, 5,888명;여, 2,634명)을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하여 사회인구학적 특성, 직업적 특성, 음주와 흡연 및 운동여부, 직무스트레스(Korean Occupational Stress Scale, KOSS)를 조사하였다. 성별로 각각 문제음주, 현재흡연, 정기적인 운동군을 종속변수로 두고 이러한 건강행태에 영향을 끼치는 기본변수들과KOSS의 하위척도를 독립변수로 두고 로지스틱 회귀분석을실시하였다. 결과: 남자에서 40세 이상, 건설업, 도매 및 소매업, 숙박 및 음식점업, 금융 및 보험업, 공공수리 및 개인 서비스업, 운수업이문제음주를 유발하는 요인으로 나타났다. 30세 이하, 저학력,미혼, 저소득, 운수업은 흡연율을 높이는 것으로 나타났고 저소득, 주간근무, 금융 및 보험업에서 정기적으로 운동하는 비율이 낮았다. 또한 KOSS의 하위척도중 어려운 물리환경, 불충분한 직무자율성, 부적절한 사회적 지지, 직무불안정, 조직불평등이 높을수록 문제음주가 유의하게 증가하였고 직무요구도가 높을수록 현재 흡연자의 비율이 유의하게 증가하였으며 직무요구도, 불충분한 직무자율성, 부적절한 사회적 지지, 직무 불안정, 보상 부적절이 높을수록 비정기적 운동의 비율이 증가하였다. 여자는 40-49세에서 문제음주율이 낮았고저학력, 미혼, 비정규직 근무가 흡연율을 높이는 것으로 나타났으며 30세 미만, 교대근무에서 정기적으로 운동하는 비율이 낮았다. 또한 KOSS의 하위척도중 다만 직무요구도가 높을수록 정기적으로 운동하는 비율을 낮추는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 결론: 한국인 남자 근로자에서 특정 직무 스트레스와 산업분류 특성이 음주, 흡연, 운동등의 건강행태와 관련이 높은 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of job characteristics and occupational stress on health related behavior. Methods: Eight thousand five hundred twenty two workers (21-65 years of age) who recruited from a nationwide sample in Korea completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding socio-demographic factors, job characteristics, healthrelated behaviors such as alcohol consumption, current smoking status & exercise, and occupational stress assessed by Korean Occupational Stress Scale. Multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the association of occupational stress and job characteristics with health behavior according to gender separately. Results: In male, the problem drinking was positively associated with older age, lower educational level, some industries such as ‘transport,’ ‘wholesale and retail trade’ industries, difficult physical environment, insufficient job control,inadequate social support, job insecurity, and organizational injustice. Current smoking was positively associated with younger age, lower educational level, single marital status, lower incomes,‘transport’ industry and high job demand. The rate of regular exercise was negatively associated with lower incomes, shift works, and the 'electricity, gas and water supply' industies, high job demand, insufficient job control, inadequate social support, job insecurity, and lack of reward. ‘Financial institutions and insurance’ industry. Conclusion: Occupational stress and certain industrial classification have impact on health related lifestyles in Korean male employees.
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