왕필의 『논어』해석

Abstract

Wang-Bi's 『Lunyushiyi』, the book of annotation on 『Lunyu』needs to be analysed and organized systematically in a new perspective. The history of Chinese philosophy might be considered as the history of annotation. When an annotator tries to comment on some books, he is affected by his contemporary socio-polical condition and situation. When Wang-bi tries to interpret 『Lunyu』, the period was between Han dynasty and Wei-jin, so there was much change and confusion in thought and philosophy. Scholars who have got a big blow in the two Danggushijians began to study Qingtan instead of Qingyi. They gave up the stuides of Chinese classics for the Xuanxue. Metaphysics was being magnified in the socio-political interest of the Confucianism and Taoism. Wang-Bi interpreted the concept of Tao in the Confucian which was ordinary and humane in origin into metaphysical Tao of the Taoism. The concept of Tao is also interpreted into Mu and the Nature itself. Wang-Bi applied this method to the interpretation of the 『Lunyu』, too. Many concepts and terms which Confucius describes as ethical was translated into Taoistic and Logical philosophies. The moral disciplinary concepts also interpreted into serious linguistic philosophy by Wang-Bi. To sum up, Wang-Bi made Confucianism into metaphysics by Taoistic interpretation of the 『Lunyu』. Wang-Bi saw Confucius as the saint, the most ideal man, not in a Confucian meaning but in a Taoistic meaning because he thought Confucius acquired Mu, the mind of nothing. Scholars at that time including He-Yan tended to think that the saint only has the human nature without any emotional feeling. However Wang-Bi was different. He thought that human nature that is beyond the good or bad is supposed to control human emotion that is greedy and leads to the wicked. In his politics, he also tries to compromise Confucianism and Taoism. The teaching of Confucius (the teaching of moral principles), is considered important to eliminate a chaotic state of the socio-political affairs at that time. It is necessary for him to start from the Taoistic Nature for real teaching. His trial was thought to be helpful to rebuilt the order of 'essence-end' to control the 'end' and to get rid of the social confusion and segmentation. Wang-Bi's Taoistic interpretation of the Confucianism sometimes matches up with the original context of 『Lunyu』, but sometimes it doesn't. His trial might distort the Confucianism in a sense, but it gave a metaphysical meaning to the Confucianism and enlarged the meaning of the Confucianism as a result.