Shu 殊 (differentia) in the Wugong 五公: Its Philosophical Meanings and Philological Background
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis e Societate Jesu in Universam Dialecticam Aristotelis, published by Jesuit philosophers at the University of Coimbra (Portugal) in 1606, is an encyclopedic work containing the Latin translation of Aristotle's work, with greek medieval and Renaissance commentaries. Conceived as a textbook for use in universities, this book contains, among other treatises, Aristotle’s Categories and Porphyry’s Isagoge, which is an introduction to logic. These two treatises, the first Western logic books to be translated into Chinese, were published by the Jesuit priest Furtado (1587–1653) and Li Zhizao, (1571–1630), in 1636 under the title Mingli tan. Porphyry’s Isagoge, placed in the first part of this book, is presented as Wugong 五公 or ‘Five common items’. These items which correspond to the genus (宗), the species (類), the difference (殊), the property (獨), and the accident (依), are the most basic logical notions. Among them, the concept of ‘difference’ or shu 殊 is fundamental in that it accounts for all kinds of differences that affect individuals, physical states, movements, and accidental or essential qualities. Because it allows a first categorization of the physical beings and of the human language that signifies it, the clear understanding of the differences is therefore at the very foundation of the logical reasoning of Western thought. The concept of difference, as it appears in the Chinese translation included no less than 16 different philosophical meanings. The analysis of this concept shows that Furtado and Li Zhizao, not only translated the Coimbra commentary but also consulted the secondary sources quoted in it. Therefore this paper aims to clarify all the technical terms related to this concept of shu by comparatively examining the Latin text with the Chinese translation and by gathering the philological data contained in it, which are necessary to reconstruct their bibliographical background.
Abstract
Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis e Societate Jesu in Universam Dialecticam Aristotelis, published by Jesuit philosophers at the University of Coimbra (Portugal) in 1606, is an encyclopedic work containing the Latin translation of Aristotle's work, with greek medieval and Renaissance commentaries. Conceived as a textbook for use in universities, this book contains, among other treatises, Aristotle’s Categories and Porphyry’s Isagoge, which is an introduction to logic. These two treatises, the first Western logic books to be translated into Chinese, were published by the Jesuit priest Furtado (1587–1653) and Li Zhizao, (1571–1630), in 1636 under the title Mingli tan. Porphyry’s Isagoge, placed in the first part of this book, is presented as Wugong 五公 or ‘Five common items’. These items which correspond to the genus (宗), the species (類), the difference (殊), the property (獨), and the accident (依), are the most basic logical notions. Among them, the concept of ‘difference’ or shu 殊 is fundamental in that it accounts for all kinds of differences that affect individuals, physical states, movements, and accidental or essential qualities. Because it allows a first categorization of the physical beings and of the human language that signifies it, the clear understanding of the differences is therefore at the very foundation of the logical reasoning of Western thought. The concept of difference, as it appears in the Chinese translation included no less than 16 different philosophical meanings. The analysis of this concept shows that Furtado and Li Zhizao, not only translated the Coimbra commentary but also consulted the secondary sources quoted in it. Therefore this paper aims to clarify all the technical terms related to this concept of shu by comparatively examining the Latin text with the Chinese translation and by gathering the philological data contained in it, which are necessary to reconstruct their bibliographical background.
참고문헌 (21)
- Alamanno, C., "Summa Philosophiæ ex Variis Libris D. Thomæ Aquinatis Doctoris Angelici in Ordinem Cursus Philosophici", Roulliard
- Ammonius, "Interpretation of Porphyry’s Introduction to Aristotle’s Five Terms" (2021), Bloomsbury Academic
- Aquinas, Thomas, "The Power of God" (2012), Oxford University Press
- 傅汎際, "名理探" (1965), 臺灣商務印書館
- Bazán, B. Carlos, "Philosophy and Theology in the Long Middle Ages", pp.515~571 (2011), Brill
- Caietanus, T., "Commentaria in Porphyrii Isagogen ad praedicamenta Aristotelis" (1934), Institutum Angélicum
- Carvalho, Mário S. de, "Dicionário do Curso Filosófico Conimbricense" (2020), Palimage
- Casalini, C., "Aristotle in Coimbra: The Cursus Conimbricensis and the Education at the College of Arts" (2017), Routledge
- Couto, Sebastião Do, "Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis e Societate Jesu in universam Dialecticam Aristotelis", D.G. Loureyro
- Duns Scotus, "Quaestiones in Librum Porphyrii Isagoge et Quaestiones super Praedicamenta Aristotelis" (1999), Franciscan Institute
- 허민준, "아리스토텔레스《범주론》에 대한 16세기 중국 번역본의 출처: 《명리탐》과 신플라톤 학파의 주석 전통", 인간.환경.미래, (16), pp.171~204 (2016), 인간환경미래연구원[DOI]
- Huh M-J., "Aspects de la transmission de Platon en Latin dans l'Antiquité" (2018), Brepols
- 김기훈, "아리스토텔레스 문헌 전승과 《명리탐(名理探)》", 교회사학, (17), pp.79~107 (2020), (재)천주교수원교구 수원교회사연구소[DOI]
- Lu Jiang, "Jesuit Logic and Late Ming China", pp.105~127 (2019), Institute of Jesuit Sources
- Matula J., "John Argyropoulos and his importance for Latin West", Philosophica, 7, pp.45~62 (2006)
- Meynard, T., "What the ‘Failure’ of Aristotelian Logic in Seventeenth-Century China Teaches Us Today : A Case Study of the Mingli Tan", Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 14(2), pp.248~263 (2019)
- Nuchelmans, G., "Theories of the Proposition. Ancient and Medieval Conceptions of the Bearers of Truth and Falsity" (1973), North-Holland Publishing Company
- Porphyry, "Introduction" (2003), Clarendon
- 1, "Adolph Busse, Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca, IV", pp.1887, Porphyry, Isagoge
- Ricci, M., "Thierry Meynard" (2016), The Institute of Jesuit Sources
- Sorabji, R., "The Philosophy of the Commentators, vol. 3, (Logic and Metaphysics)" (2004), Cornell University Press