민주주의와 국제관계의 인과성에 관한 연구
A Study on Causal Relationship between Democracy and International Politics
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이 글의 목적은 민주주의와 국제정치 현상들 간의 인과성을 밝히는 것이다. 이 글은 민주평화론, 민주승리론, 민주 자유무역론, 그리고 민주 환경협력론에 대한 기존의 논의들을 근거로, 인과 기체에 초점을 맞추어서 두 변수 간의 관계를 설명하려고 시도하였다. 그리고 기존 이론들에 대한 반박들도 설명하였다. 민주평화론, 민주승리론, 민주 자유무역론, 그리고 민주 환경협력론을 설명하는 기존 이론들은 세 가지의 요인에 초점을 두고 있다. 세 가지의 요인은 민주주의 문화, 민주주의 제도, 그리고 제도에 기반한 이익집단들의 역할이다. 이러한 요인들에 기반한 기존의 설명들은 합리주의에 초점을 맞춘 것이다. 즉, 특정한 환경과 제약 속에서 행위자들이 자신들의 효용을 극대화하는 과정에 초점을 맞춘 논의들이다. 이러한 논의들 외에 구성주의에 기반한 설명도 가능하다는 점을 지적하고 있다. 즉, 정체성의 변화와 그로 인한 이익의 변화가 민주주의와 국제정치 현상을 연결시키는 인과 기제로서 작동할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주고 있다.
Abstract
The major purpose of this paper is to investigate causality between democracy and international political phenomena. This paper tries to explain the existing theories about democracy and international politics, focusing on causal mechanisms linking two variables. This paper also introduces diverse criticisms against the existing explanations on the relationship between democracy and international politics. The existing theories on democratic peace hypothesis, democratic war winning hypothesis, democratic free trade hypothesis, and democratic environmental cooperation hypothesis focus on three factors. Those are democratic culture, democratic institution, and roles of interest groups in democracies. All these explanations are based upon rationalism. Rationalism tries to explain international politics by rational actors' choice and behavior under certain environments and constraints. In addition to these explanations, this paper points out that a different explanation based upon constructivism is relevant in investigating the relationship between democracy and international politics. This paper argues that changing identity and interests may be one of the major factors in linking democracy and international politics.
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