평화의 삼각구도(Triangulating Peace) 비판적 고찰
Review on “Triangulating Peace” Studies
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본고는 칸트적 자유주의자들이 제시한 평화의 삼각구도에 대해서 최근 논쟁과 연구를 중심으로 이론의 타당성 및 적실성을 평가해 보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 특히, 네 가지 구성요소 중에서 민주주의를 중심으로 하여 국제기구, 경제적 상호의존, 그리고 평화의 관계를 살펴보고 있다. 칸트적 자유주의자들의 기대와 달리 민주주의와 국제기구는 강한 긍정적 상호작용을 보여주지 않고 있으며, 민주주의와 경제적 상호의존의 경우에는 긍정적인 상호작용의 증거들이 제시되고 있기는 하나, 현실주의와 중상주의의 도전을 받고 있으며, 변수 사이의 관계에 대한 조건과 제약 연구하면서 정교화를 도모하고 있다. 마지막으로 민주주의와 평화와의 관계를 보면, 두 변수 사이에 긍정적인 관계를 인정하면서 최근에는 민주주의가 평화로 이어지는 인과관계에 대한 설명을 중심으로 논쟁이 전개되고 있으며, 또한 최근 미국의 외교정책과 연결하여 민주주의를 도모하고 확산하는 방법에 대해 논쟁이 진행되고 있다.
Abstract
This study examines the theoretical and empirical foundations of the Triangulating Peace argument made by Kantian liberalism based on recent major debates. In particular, this study focuses on the relationships between democracy and international organization, economic interdependence, and peace. It finds that, first, it is difficult to adopt or implement democratic rules in many international organizations. Second, the relationship between democracy and economic interdependence shows a mixed result: the Kantian liberalists report a positive relationship between these two variables but at the same time realists and mercantilists challenge this relationship using different evidence and methods. Third, regarding the impacts of democracy on peace, a focus of recent debate moves from its empirical foundations to an explanatory validation of causal mechanisms between two variables. Although they were not systematically studied, the impacts of peace on democratization have recently drawn attention and been developed as one of the major debates in both international relations theory and foreign policy practice.
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