미국의 친권상실제도에 관한 검토 - 아동학대사례에 대한 대응을 중심으로 -
A Review on Termination of Parental Rights in USA - Focused on the Cases of Child Abuses -
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Abstract
Child abuse are body and life-threatening acts, and the most evident and serious abuse of parental rights. Parental rights need to be restricted in order to protect children from cases where parental rights are evidently against children’s interests, as well as to realize their welfare. Legal sanctions can be lawfully applied to such parents only when their parental rights are terminated through legal claims. This study presented counterplans for the termination of parental rights as in the following, on the authority of cases where private law and welfare are closely connected to each other in USA. First, Child Welfare Act in force should be revised in order that the directors of child protection agencies can exercise the claim. What are more important, however, human and physical infrastructures should be expanded an also specialty should be secured so that child protection agencies can be on a par with DHS in dealing with the cases of child abuses. Second, on in the existing law, the claim is based on comprehensive and abstractive standards. Hereupon, it is desirable to regard child abuse as a separate condition for terminating parental rights. In addition, as shown in USA, requirements for the termination of parental rights should be concretized on the basis of cases where children’s welfare is violated. With regard to the claim for the termination of parental rights, the court needs stay the execution for about six months in order that the causal problems of child abuse may be improved by the instrumentality of child protection agencies. Third, it is advisable to present bringing-up plans in relation to the termination of parental rights, in order to cope with cases where parental rights are actually terminated. Lastly, as shown in USA that systematically copes with child abuse, this study suggests that child abuse is not a family problem, but is a social problem and so the public cognition needs to be changed and the government needs to intervene in such problems actively as well as continuously.
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