‘犬/狗’와 관련된 중국어 인칭명사 어휘형성과 의미
Formation and Meaning of Chinese Personal Nouns Related to Dogs
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The term dog frequently appears in Chinese vocabulary because of the long-established close relationship between humans and dogs. Dogs are portrayed with positive attributes, such as loyalty, bravery, and faithfulness, in Chinese linguistic expressions, which include proverbs and idioms. Negative attributes, such as insignificance, ominousness, and incompetence, are also attributed to them. The Chinese language employs the term dog as a humble personal noun reflecting an image of loyalty and insignificance. This usage serves to express respect for the counterpart by demonstrating humility. However, in a derogatory context, the term dog is used to degrade the social status or value of the referent. Regarding the lexical formation’s structural characteristics, both terms quan and gou, which refer to a dog, are used as derogatory personal nouns. However, humble expressions predominantly incorporate the term quan while rarely containing the term gou. The term gou rarely being used in forming humble expressions can be attributed to the term quan being used in literary language and gou in spoken language when ancient or medieval Chinese was in use. It is assumed that the colloquial term gou was mainly employed in common and popular expressions. Most Chinese personal nouns, including the term gou, are figurative expressions that symbolize people with negative qualities, such as thieves, informants, bad people, and unconditionally obedient people. While these personal nouns are often used as slurs, new words including the term gou serve as sarcastic expressions that do not demonstrate derogation. Essentially, the term gou generally implies contempt toward a certain target. However, it implies humor when it reflects the speaker’s specific intention. This usage of the term dog indicates the transformation of its affective meaning in personal nouns, as well as the introduction of a pragmatic element in the formation of derived words.
Abstract
The term dog frequently appears in Chinese vocabulary because of the long-established close relationship between humans and dogs. Dogs are portrayed with positive attributes, such as loyalty, bravery, and faithfulness, in Chinese linguistic expressions, which include proverbs and idioms. Negative attributes, such as insignificance, ominousness, and incompetence, are also attributed to them. The Chinese language employs the term dog as a humble personal noun reflecting an image of loyalty and insignificance. This usage serves to express respect for the counterpart by demonstrating humility. However, in a derogatory context, the term dog is used to degrade the social status or value of the referent. Regarding the lexical formation’s structural characteristics, both terms quan and gou, which refer to a dog, are used as derogatory personal nouns. However, humble expressions predominantly incorporate the term quan while rarely containing the term gou. The term gou rarely being used in forming humble expressions can be attributed to the term quan being used in literary language and gou in spoken language when ancient or medieval Chinese was in use. It is assumed that the colloquial term gou was mainly employed in common and popular expressions. Most Chinese personal nouns, including the term gou, are figurative expressions that symbolize people with negative qualities, such as thieves, informants, bad people, and unconditionally obedient people. While these personal nouns are often used as slurs, new words including the term gou serve as sarcastic expressions that do not demonstrate derogation. Essentially, the term gou generally implies contempt toward a certain target. However, it implies humor when it reflects the speaker’s specific intention. This usage of the term dog indicates the transformation of its affective meaning in personal nouns, as well as the introduction of a pragmatic element in the formation of derived words.
참고문헌 (52)
- 강성영, "프랑스와 우리나라의 동물속담에 있어서 은유추론 관계 비교 연구", 프랑스어문교육, (18), pp.149~169 (2004), 한국프랑스어문교육학회
- 김진형, "형태부와 통보ㆍ화용부의 관련 양상-국어의 형태화용론적 논의 가능성", 형태론, 1(2), pp.341~358 (1999), 형태론 편집위원회
- 문금현, "현대국어 신어의 유형 분류 및 생성 원리", 국어학, 33, pp.295~325 (1999), 국어학회
- 이광호, "국어 접사류의 형태화용론적 기능 연구", 형태론, 3(1), pp.85~99 (2001), 형태론 편집위원회
- 이명아, "중국어 속담에서 개의 상징 의미와 의미 자질 분석", 한중인문학연구, (76), pp.71~87 (2022), 한중인문학회[DOI]
- 이범열, "현대중국어의 동물은유 ― 인간과 동물의 관계를 중심으로", 중국어문학논집, (70), pp.113~139 (2011), 중국어문학연구회
- 이선희, "한국어 ‘개’와 중국어 ‘狗’의 의미 확장 소고", 한중인문학연구, (57), pp.171~190 (2017), 한중인문학회
- 임지룡, "인지의미론" (2017), 한국문화사
- 장춘매, "한·중 동물속담 비교를 통한 한국어 문화 교육 연구", 석사, 한국어교육, pp.2005
- 정원돈, "단어 형성과 화용론", 언어학 연구, (47), pp.53~70 (2018), 한국중원언어학회[DOI]
- 채현식, "유추에 의한 복합명사 형성 연구" (2003), 태학사
- 陈光磊, "汉语词法论" (2004), 学林出版社
- 高 享, "文字形意学概论" (1981), 齐鲁书·社
- 宫笑炎, "狗与犬", 中学语文, (12), pp.13~ (2012), 湖北大学
- 韩省之, "称谓大辞典" (1991), 新世界出版社
- 洪成玉, "谦词敬词婉词词典" (2010), 商务印书馆
- 洪 帅, "没有贬义的"XX狗"", 语文建设, (25), pp.65~66 (2015), 语文出版社有限公司
- 侯 敏, "2007汉语新词语" (2008), 商务印书馆
- 侯 敏, "2008汉语新词语" (2009), 商务印书馆
- 侯 敏, "2009汉语新词语" (2010), 商务印书馆
- 侯 敏, "2010汉语新词语" (2011), 商务印书馆
- 侯 敏, "2011汉语新词语" (2012), 商务印书馆
- 侯 敏, "2012汉语新词语" (2013), 商务印书馆
- 侯 敏, "2013汉语新词语" (2014), 商务印书馆
- 侯 敏, "2014汉语新词语" (2015), 商务印书馆
- 侯 敏, "2015汉语新词语" (2016), 商务印书馆
- 侯 敏, "2016汉语新词语" (2017), 商务印书馆
- 纪宇婷, "流行语中指人语素的类词缀化分析—以"党""控""狗"为例", 现代语文(语言研究版), (5), pp.117~120 (2017), 曲阜师范大学
- 吉常宏, "汉语称谓大词典" (2001), 河北教育出版社
- 刘宝民, "说姓道名谈称谓" (2003), 人民教育出版社
- 吕景和, "汉字解形释义字典" (2016), 华语教学出版社
- 邱雪玫, "论当代汉语新词的词音结构多音节化", 语言文字应用, (1), pp.18~26 (2011), 教育部语言文字应用研究所
- 田惠刚, "中西人际称谓系统" (1998), 外语教学与研究出版社
- 夏宗平, "从"XX狗"的流行看"狗"的类词缀化", 现代语文(语言研究版), (10), pp.60~61 (2015), 曲阜师范大学
- 现代汉语大词典编委会, "现代汉语大词典" (2010), 上海辞书出版社
- 徐志林, "“犬", 狗”的历史嬗变, 2007, 101~108[DOI]
- 姚晨旖, ""X狗"类网络流行语的社会语言学解读", 文教资料, (21), pp.5~7 (2021), 南京师范大学
- 王彤伟, "常用词"犬, 狗"的递嬗演变", 语文研究, (2), pp.30~35 (2013), 山西省社会科学院
- 张 斌, "新编现代汉语" (2000), 复旦大学出版社
- 中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室, "现代汉语词典" (2016), 商务印书馆
- 周 荐, "2006汉语新词语" (2005), 商务印书馆
- 邹 煜, "2017汉语新词语" (2018), 商务印书馆
- 邹 煜, "2018汉语新词语" (2019), 商务印书馆
- 邹 煜, "汉语新词语(2019-2020)" (2021), 商务印书馆
- Dressler, W. U., "Morphopragmatics (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 76)" (1994), Mouton de Gruyter
- Mattiello, E., "Analogy in Word-Formation: A Study of English Neologisms and Occasionalisms" (2017), De Gruyter Mouton
- Yan Huang, "화용론" (2021), 한국외국어대학교출판부
- "중국 반려동물 산업 발전전망" (2023)[URL]
- "单身狗"[URL]
- "京巴犬"[URL]
- "狗仔队"[URL]
- "BCC汉语语料库"[URL]