본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

A Study on Adaptation of the ISM Code to Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS)

이상일|김건
한국해사법학회 (The Korea Institute Of Maritime Law)|2022.07|해사법연구 (MARITIME LAW REVIEW)|제34권 제2호|pp. 359-396

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

자율운항선박국제안전관리규약ISM CodeMaritime Autonomous Surface Ships원격운항자원격운항센터해사안전관리Maritime Safety Management
주제분류법학

초록

현대의 기술은 비약적으로 발전하고 있으나 그러한 기술적 진보가 안전수준의 향상도에 직접적으로 비례하지는 않는다. 새로운 기술과 그것의 운용은 또 다른 위험요소를 낳기 때문이다. 본 논문은 현대 해사에서 최신기술의 집약체인 자율운항선박의 안전관리를 현행 ISM Code상 규정에 근거하여 검토한다. 먼저 ISM Code상 핵심주체들의 역할과 책임을 자율운항선박에 적용 가능한지 분석해 보고, 특히 ISM Code에서 정의하는 선장의 책임과 권한이 자율운항선박에서 어떻게 적용되어야 할 것인지를 집중적으로 살펴본다. 또한 현행 ISM Code상 핵심주체의 역할에 더하여 원격운항센터, 원격운항자, 사이버보안 등 추가적으로 ISM Code에 규정되어야 하는 부분에 대해서도 접근 방향을 제시한다. 특히 원격운항의 도입에 따른 공백을 채우기 위해 자율운항 단계별로 새로운 역할의 도입을 제안한다. 이로써 이 논문은 자율운항선박에 대한 효과적인 안전관리를 위한 안전관리체제의 틀을 제시한다.

Abstract

Despite the exponential development of technologies, the level of safety is not proportionally improved by technological advances. That is because a new technology and its deployment bears other risks on safety. This study examines the safety management of MASS, the integration of state-of-the-art technologies in the maritime domain today, based on the existing regulations under the ISM Code. It analyses the applicability of the roles and responsibilities of key players as per the ISM Code to MASS. In particular, issues on the master's authority and responsibilities are thoroughly reviewed in this article. Moreover it explores pathways of additional aspects to be regulated under the ISM Code such as remote operators, remote control centre and cyber risk management. Especially introduction of new roles for each degree of autonomy is proposed in order to fill the gap caused by adopting remote operation. As such, this paper suggests the introduction of the framework of a safety management system for the sake of effective safety management of MASS.

참고문헌 (50)

  1. Andreas Herrmann, "Autonomous Driving: How the Driverless Revolution Will Change the World" (2019), Hanbit Biz Inc
  2. Jan Erik Vinnem, "Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World" (2018), Taylor & Francis Group
  3. Jonathan V. Earthy, "Managing Maritime Safety" (2018), Routledge
  4. Philip Anderson, "ISM Code – A Practical Guide to the Legal and Insurance Implications" (1998), LLP
  5. T. Porathe, "Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World" (2018), Taylor & Francis Group
  6. Catherine Hetherington, "Safety in shipping: The human element", Journal of Safety Research, 37 (2006)
  7. Cecilia Osterman, "Assessing financial impact of maritime ergonomics on company level: a case study", Maritime Policy & Management (2014)
  8. Cecilie Kristoffersen, "Unmanned autonomous vessels and the necessity of humancentred design", NordDesign, 2020 (2020)
  9. Chia-Hsun Chang, "Risk assessment of the operations of maritime autonomous surface ships", Reliability Engineering and System Safety, pp.207~ (2021)
  10. CMI, "International Working Group Position Paper on Unmanned Ships and the International Regulatory Framework", ~ (2018)
  11. Remote-controlled and Autonomous Ships, "DNV", Group Technology & Research, ~ (2018)
  12. Eric Van Hooydonk, "The law of unmanned merchant shipping –an exploration", The Journal of International Maritime Law, 20 (2014)
  13. Esa Jokioinen, "Advanced Autonomous Waterborne Applications Whitepaper" (2016)
  14. E. Veitch, "The Operator’s Stake in Shore Control Centre Design: A Stakeholder Analysis for Autonomous Ships", Human Factors (2020)
  15. Fenna van de Merwe, "Crew-centred design of ships – CyClaDes project", Transportation Research Procedia, 14 (2016)
  16. F.J. Lappalainen, "Evaluation of the ISM Code in the Finnish Shipping Companies", Journal of Maritime Research, IX(1) (2012)
  17. Goran Vojković, "Autonomous ships and legal authorities of the ship master", Case Studies on Transport Policy, 8 (2020)
  18. H. Dybvik, "Exploring Challenges with Designing and Developing Shore Control Centers (SCC) for Autonomous Ships", International Design Conference – Design 2020 (2020)
  19. Hilde Meersman, "Evaluating the performance of the vessel train concept", European Transport Research Review, 12, pp.23~ (2020)
  20. Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs, "From Titanic to Costa Concordia—a century of lessons not learned", WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 11 (2012)
  21. 유진호, "자율운항선박의 통제원리로서의 선원의 상무와 해사법규 개정방안", 해사법연구, 31(2), pp.55~88 (2019), 한국해사법학회[DOI]
  22. Jose F. Gaspar, "Human centered design methodology: Case study of a ship-mooring winch", International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 74 (2019)
  23. 최정환, "자율운항선박 원격운항자의 역할과 법적 지위에 관한 소고 - 선원과 선장 개념을 중심으로 -", 해사법연구, 30(2), pp.155~186 (2018), 한국해사법학회[DOI]
  24. 최정환, "무인선박의 선박성에 관한 해석적 고찰", 해양정책연구, 33(1), pp.171~192 (2018), 한국해양수산개발원[DOI]
  25. Kimberly Tam, "Maritime cybersecurity policy: the scope and impact of evolving technology on international shipping", Journal of Cyber Policy (2018)
  26. Luci Carey, "All Hands OffDeck? The Legal Barriers to Autonomous Ships" (2017), National University of Singapore
  27. M. A. Ramos, "Humansystem concurrent task analysis for maritime autonomous surface ship operation and safety", Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 195 (2020)
  28. M.C. Jo, "Study on the potential gaps and themes identified by IMO Regulatory Scoping Exercise(RSE) for the use of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships(MASS)", IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 929 (2020)
  29. N. A. Costa, "The Values of Ergonomics in Ship Design and Operation", Human Factors in Ship Design & Operation Conference (2014)
  30. Phil McGilivary, "Why Maritime Cybersecurity Is an Ocean Policy Priority and How It Can Be Addressed", Marine Technology Society Journal, 52(5) (2018)
  31. Robert Veal, "The integration of unmanned ships into the lex maritima", Lloyd’s maritime and commercial law quarterly, 2017(2) (2017)
  32. 이상일, "유엔해양법협약상 국가관할권에 따른 자율운항선박의 규범적 쟁점사항", 해양정책연구, 33(2), pp.145~180 (2018), 한국해양수산개발원[DOI]
  33. Sokratis K. Katsikas, "Cyber Security of the Autonomous Ship", ACM Workshop on Cyber-Physical System Security (2017)
  34. Thanasis Karlis, "Maritime law issues related to the operation of unmanned autonomous cargo ships", WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 17 (2018)
  35. Ørnulf Jan Rødseth, "Developments toward the unmanned ship", ~ (2012)
  36. Ørnulf Jan Rødseth, "Characterization of Autonomy in Merchant Ships", 2018 OCEANS - MTS, 2018, ~
  37. Ørnulf Jan Rødseth, "Towards approval of autonomous ship systems by their operational envelope", Journal of Marine Science and Technology (2021)
  38. DNV, "Class Guideline –Autonomous and Remotely Operated Ships, DNV-CG-0264", ~
  39. "ROMAS (Remote Operations of Machinery and Automation Systems) from Norway"[URL]
  40. DNV, "The Next ReVolt, Maritime Impact, 02-2014", ~ (2014)
  41. "IACS Recommendation No.41, Guidance for Auditor to the ISM Code Rev.5", ~ (2019)
  42. "IMO Resolution A.741(18) International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (International Safety Management (ISM) Code)", ~ (1993)
  43. ISO, "Ergonomics of human-system interaction –Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems", ISO 9241-210, ~ (2010)
  44. "ISWG-MASS 1st meeting Agenda item 2(ISWG", MASS 1, pp.2019, ~
  45. Maritime UK, "Maritime Autonomous Ship Systems (MASS) UK Industry Conduct Principles and Code of Practice, A Voluntary Code Version 4", ~ (2020)
  46. MSC 99th session Agenda item 5(MSC 99, "WP.9), Regulatory Scoping Exercise for the Use of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS)", 2018
  47. "MSC 101st session Agenda item 24(MSC 101", 24), 2019, ~
  48. "MSC.1", Circ.1512, Guideline on Software Quality Assurance and Human-Centred Design of e-Navigation, 2015
  49. "MSC-FAL.1", Circ.3, Guidelines on Maritime Cyber Risk Management, 2017
  50. "Research in maritime autonomous systems project Results and technology potentials"[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

자율운항선박의 통제원리로서의 선원의 상무와 해사법규 개정방안유진호, 이상일, 정찬수한국해사법학회 · 해사법연구2019 · 제31권 제2호A Fundamental Study on Mode of Operation for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship(MASS) - Based on review of IMCA M 220김정민, 박혜리한국컴퓨터정보학회 · 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지2023 · 제28권 제5호자율운항선박 원격운항자의 역할과 법적 지위에 관한 소고 - 선원과 선장 개념을 중심으로 -유진호, 이상일, 최정환한국해사법학회 · 해사법연구2018 · 제30권 제2호자율운항선박시대에 인적요인의 역할 변화에 대한 법제적 및 기능적 검토김태훈, 배병덕, 전해동한국해사법학회 · 해사법연구2024 · 제36권 제1호A Study on the Regulatory Framework for Operational Safety & Suitability Evaluation of MASS이현균, 임근태, 임승현, 조현재, 천관욱한국항해항만학회 · 한국항해항만학회지2024 · 제48권 제5호자율운항선박의 원격운항자에 대한 국가관할권의 한계 및 발전 방안 연구 –유엔해양법협약 및 국제해사협약의 인적 요인을 중심으로두현욱, 이창열한국해사법학회 · 해사법연구2025 · 제37권 제3호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (12건)

브렉시트 이후 해상책임보험의 보험자에 대한 제3자 직접청구권의 행사에 관한 고찰 : 로마Ⅱ 및 Retained EU-Law를 중심으로남기정pp. 1-30해사노동협약의 선원권리와 관할권이 갖는 국제법적 함의 고찰두현욱pp. 31-64선내안전보건 및 사고 예방에 관한 입법론적 연구김기선pp. 65-106해양안전 확보를 위한 해사안전법의 최신동향 및 입법적 과제백옥선pp. 107-142연안항만 입․출항 선박에 대한 항법적용에 관한 고찰이정원pp. 143-166
원문 보기