만성폐질환을 가진 미숙아에서 폐동맥고혈압증의 위험인자
Risk Factors of Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants with Chronic Lung Disease
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목적: 폐동맥 고혈압증은 미숙아 사망의 주요 인자로서, 낮은 재태주령과 출생체중, 장기간의 산소 사용, 낮은 아프가 점수, 양수 과소증 등이 관련된다고 보고된다. 이에 저자들은 만성폐질환을 가진 미숙아에서 폐동맥고혈압증의 위험인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2006년 7월부터 2011년 6월까지 세브란스 어린이병원 신생아중환자실에 입원한 32주 미만 출생 미숙아 중 만성폐질환을 진단 받고 출생 한 달 이후 심초음파 검사를 주기적으로 시행받은 85명의 환아를 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 폐동맥고혈압증은 심장 초음파상 우심실의 압력이 증가가 확인된 경우 진단하였으며, 평균 생후 95일(31-225일)에 진단되었다. 폐동맥 고혈압증을 진단 받은 군은 18명, 대조군은 67명이었다결과: 폐동맥고혈압증군은 대조군보다 재태주령이 유의하게 낮았고, 재원일수와 산소 투여 및 인공호흡기 사용 일수, 폐표면활성제 사용 횟수는 더 많았으며, 뇌실내 출혈(≥G3), 중증 만성폐질환의 빈도는 더 높았다(P<0.05). 심방 중격결손, 동맥관 개존증의 빈도 및 치료 여부는 두 군 간의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 재태주령을 보정하여 시행한 다중회귀분석에서 중증 만성폐질환(OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.03-15.41, P=0.045). 뇌실내 출혈(≥G3) (OR=5.00, 95% CI= 1.10-22.63, P=0.037)이 폐동맥고혈압증의 유의한 위험인자로 확인되었다(P<0.05). 결론: 중증 만성폐질환과 뇌실 내 출혈을 보이는 미숙아는 폐동맥고혈압증 발생의 위험성이 높으므로, 대상 환아에 대한조기 진단 및 적극적인 치료를 위한 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
Purpose: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is known as a major risk factor for preterm infants deaths, and associated with low gestational age, low birth weight, longer duration of oxygen therapy, low Apgar scores, and oligohydramnios. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for PH in preterm infants with chronic lung disease. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of data from 86 infants (<32 weeks of gestation) who diagnosed with chronic lung disease at Severance Children’s Hospital from July 2006 to June 2011. PH was diagnosed on the basis of echocardiogram demonstrating elevated right ventricle pressure. The infants were divided into two groups: PH group (n=18) or control group (n=67). Results: PH group showed lower gestational age and underwent longer duration of oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and hospitalization compared with control group. PH group received more surfactant therapy, and the frequency of the development of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (≥G3) and severe chronic lung disease was higher in PH group than control group. According to multivariate analysis, IVH (≥G3) (OR=5.00, 95% CI=1.10-22.63, P=0.037) and severe BPD (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.03-15.41, P=0.045) were found to be significant risk factors for PH in preterm infants with chronic lung disease. Conclusion: Pulmonary hypertension was significantly increased in preterm infants with chronic lung disease when associated with IVH (≥G3). We suggest that effort for early diagnosis and management for PH would be helpful in preterm infants with chronic lung disease when severe IVH was combined.
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